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Enrichment of arsenic transforming and resistant heterotrophic bacteria from sediments of two salt lakes in Northern Chile

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Abstract

Microbial populations are involved in the arsenic biogeochemical cycle in catalyzing arsenic transformations and playing indirect roles. To investigate which ecotypes among the diverse microbial communities could have a role in cycling arsenic in salt lakes in Northern Chile and to obtain clues to facilitate their isolation in pure culture, sediment samples from Salar de Ascotán and Salar de Atacama were cultured in diluted LB medium amended with NaCl and arsenic, at different incubation conditions. The samples and the cultures were analyzed by nucleic acid extraction, fingerprinting analysis, and sequencing. Microbial reduction of As was evidenced in all the enrichments carried out in anaerobiosis. The results revealed that the incubation factors were more important for determining the microbial community structure than arsenic species and concentrations. The predominant microorganisms in enrichments from both sediments belonged to the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla, but most of the bacterial ecotypes were confined to only one system. The occurrence of an active arsenic biogeochemical cycle was suggested in the system with the highest arsenic content that included populations compatible with microorganisms able to transform arsenic for energy conservation, accumulate arsenic, produce H2, H2S and acetic acid (potential sources of electrons for arsenic reduction) and tolerate high arsenic levels.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by funds provided by the BBVA Foundation project BIOARSENICO and the Chilean Government through FONDECYT Project 1100795 from the Science and Technology Chilean Commission (CONICYT). We also would like to thank the A. v. Humboldt Stiftung for the donation of part of the equipment used in this project, as well as V. Iturriaga, M. J. Demergasso and M.V. Coalova for their collaboration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina

    José Lara & Marcela Ferrero

  2. Centro de Biotecnología “Profesor Alberto Ruiz”, Universidad Católica del Norte, Avda. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile

    Lorena Escudero González & Cecilia Demergasso

  3. Centro de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica para Minería (CICITEM), Antofagasta, Chile

    Lorena Escudero González & Cecilia Demergasso

  4. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile

    Guillermo Chong Díaz

  5. Departament de Biologia Marina i Oceanografia, Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, ES-08003, Barcelona, Spain

    Carlos Pedrós-Alió

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  1. José Lara
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  2. Lorena Escudero González
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  3. Marcela Ferrero
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  4. Guillermo Chong Díaz
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  5. Carlos Pedrós-Alió
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  6. Cecilia Demergasso
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Correspondence to Cecilia Demergasso.

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Communicated by A. Oren.

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Lara, J., Escudero González, L., Ferrero, M. et al. Enrichment of arsenic transforming and resistant heterotrophic bacteria from sediments of two salt lakes in Northern Chile. Extremophiles 16, 523–538 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-012-0452-1

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