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Microbial formation of lanthanide-substituted magnetites by Thermoanaerobacter sp. TOR-39

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Abstract

The potentially toxic effects of soluble lanthanide (L) ions, although microbially induced mineralization can facilitate the formation of tractable materials, has been one factor preventing the more widespread use of L-ions in biotechnology. Here, we propose a new mixed-L precursor method as compared to the traditional direct addition technique. L (Nd, Gd, Tb, Ho and Er)-substituted magnetites, L y Fe3 − y O4 were microbially produced using L-mixed precursors, L x Fe1 − x OOH, where x = 0.01–0.2. By combining lanthanides into the akaganeite precursor phase, we were able to mitigate some of the toxicity, enabling the microbial formation of L-substituted magnetites using a metal reducing bacterium, Thermoanaerobacter sp. TOR-39. The employment of L-mixed precursors enabled the microbial formation of L-substituted magnetite, nominal composition up to L0.06Fe2.94O4, with at least tenfold higher L-concentration than could be obtained when the lanthanides were added as soluble salts. This mixed-precursor method can be used to extend the application of microbially produced L-substituted magnetite, while also mitigating their toxicity.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Biomagnetics Program under Contract 1868-HH43-X1 and the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy with student support provided by the DOE Environmental Molecular Science Initiative. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. DOE under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We thank Dr. Scott Brooks for help with thermodynamic software, Ms. Meghan McNeilly for editing, Ms. Shannon Ulrich for protein assays, Ms. Lisa Fagan for cell counting and Mr. Kenneth A. Lowe for ICP-MS analysis. J.-W. Moon is supported by the Post-doctoral Fellowship Program of Korea Science and Engineering Foundation and in part by an appointment to the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program administered jointly by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and ORNL.

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Author notes

  1. Lucas W. Yeary

    Present address: Inorganic & Integration Technologies, Corning, NY, 14831, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA

    Ji-Won Moon, Robert J. Lauf & Tommy J. Phelps

  2. Faculty of Earth System and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, South Korea

    Yul Roh

  3. Engineering Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA

    Lucas W. Yeary & Lonnie J. Love

  4. Material Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA

    Claudia J. Rawn

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  1. Ji-Won Moon
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Correspondence to Tommy J. Phelps.

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Moon, JW., Roh, Y., Yeary, L.W. et al. Microbial formation of lanthanide-substituted magnetites by Thermoanaerobacter sp. TOR-39. Extremophiles 11, 859–867 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00792-007-0102-1

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