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Effect of a novel glass ionomer cement containing fluoro-zinc-silicate fillers on biofilm formation and dentin ion incorporation

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Abstract

Objectives

This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of a new glass ionomer cement (GIC) containing fluoro-zinc-silicate fillers on biofilm formation and ion incorporation.

Materials and methods

Streptococcus mutans biofilms were developed on two GIC materials: Caredyne Restore (CD) and Fuji VII (FJ); and hydroxyapatite (HA) for 24 h at 37 °C using a flow cell system. The morphological structure and bacterial viability were analyzed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy. Bacterial adhesion during the initial 2 h was also assessed by viable cell counting. To study the ion incorporation, restored cavities prepared on the root surfaces of human incisors were subjected to the elemental mapping of the zinc and fluoride ions in the GIC-dentin interface using a wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy electron probe microanalyzer.

Results

Morphological observations revealed that biofilm formation in the CD group was remarkably inhibited compared with the HA and FJ groups, exhibiting sparse, thinner biofilm clusters. The microorganisms adhering to the CD group were significantly inhibited, revealing 2.9 ± 0.4 for CD, 4.9 ± 0.2 for FJ, and 5.4 ± 0.4 log colony-forming units (CFU) for HA. The CD zinc ion incorporation depth was 72.2 ± 8.0 μm. The fluoride penetration of CD was three times deeper than that of FJ; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Enhanced by the incorporation of zinc and fluoride ions, the new GIC inhibited biofilm formation by interfering with bacterial adhesion.

Clinical relevance

A novel GIC comprised of fluoro-zinc-silicate fillers may improve clinical outcomes, such as root caries and minimally invasive dentistry.

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Funding

This work was supported, in part, by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (grant no. 15H05021) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This work was also partially supported by the Mitsubishi Foundation and GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan

    Taisuke Hasegawa, Shoji Takenaka, Tatsuya Ohsumi, Traithawit Naksagoon & Yuichiro Noiri

  2. Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan

    Takako Ida

  3. Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of Hard Tissue, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan

    Hayato Ohshima

  4. Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan

    Yutaka Terao

  5. Research Centre for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan

    Traithawit Naksagoon & Takeyasu Maeda

Authors
  1. Taisuke Hasegawa
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  2. Shoji Takenaka
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  9. Yuichiro Noiri
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shoji Takenaka.

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Conflict of interest

This research is partially supported by GC Corporation (supplies expenses and publication fee).

Ethical approval

All of the experimental protocols involving the donation of an extracted tooth were approved by the Niigata University Ethics Committee.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Electronic supplementary material

Supplementary Fig S1

Flow cell system for biofilm formation. The flow cell system consisted of a medium reservoir, a peristaltic pump, and a carboy for waste. Two specimens were placed at either end so that the fluid flow did not interfere. (JPG 587 kb)

Supplementary Fig S2

Flow cell system for bacterial adhesion test. During the operation time, fresh media was constantly delivered to the bacterial suspension to maintain optimal density. (JPG 311 kb)

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Hasegawa, T., Takenaka, S., Ohsumi, T. et al. Effect of a novel glass ionomer cement containing fluoro-zinc-silicate fillers on biofilm formation and dentin ion incorporation. Clin Oral Invest 24, 963–970 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-02991-0

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