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Initial changes in alveolar bone volume for sham-operated and ovariectomized rats in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis

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Abstract

Objectives

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass, poor bone strength, and microarchitectural deterioration primarily in postmenopausal women. With respect to periodontal disease, osteoporosis is thought to contribute to pre-existing alveolar degeneration although the association between both diseases is not fully characterized. The aim of the present study was to observe the initial changes in mandibular alveolar bone for sham-operated and ovariectomized (OVX) rats in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis.

Materials and methods

A total of 64 Wistar rats (7 weeks of age, 180–200 g) were used in this study (32 control sham-operated animals + ligature placement, 32 OVX animals + ligature placement). Following an 8-week period to induce an OVX model, micro-CT analysis was performed to calculate vertical and furcation bone loss of mandibular first molars at time points 0, 3, 7, and 11 days following ligature placement (six animals per group per time point). Furthermore, histological analysis was performed to calculate the loss of alveolar bone crest height from the cemento-enamel junction, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was utilized to calculate the number of osteoclasts.

Results

The results from the present study demonstrate that OVX animals showed significant vertical bone loss at all time points when compared to control sham-operated animals. In the furcation area, no significant difference in bone loss was observed between sham-operated and OVX animals at 0, 3, and 7 days; however by 11 days, a significant decrease in bone volume/total volume and trabecular thickness was observed in the OVX group. The histological analysis also revealed that alveolar bone crest height was significantly reduced in OVX animals, and TRAP staining further revealed the greater number of multinucleated osteoclasts peaking at 3 days postligature placement.

Conclusion

The results from the present study demonstrate a direct correlation between the osteoporotic phenotype and the progression of periodontal breakdown in a diseased-induced animal model.

Clinical relevance

It may be suggested that an osteoporotic phenotype has the potential to speed periodontal breakdown and thus contributes to the overall degeneration of the periodontium in patients suffering from postmenopausal bone loss. Future research from human clinical studies are necessary to further understand the relationship between periodontal disease and osteoporosis.

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Conflict of interest

Dai Jing, Yihui Ma, Miusi Shi, Zhengguo Cao, Richard J. Miron, and Yufeng Zhang declare that they have no conflict of interest. This project was supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-11-0414), Excellent Youth Foundation of Hubei, and the funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81271108).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People’s Republic of China

    Jing Dai, Yihui Ma, Miusi Shi, Zhengguo Cao & Yufeng Zhang

  2. Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China

    Yufeng Zhang

  3. Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Richard J. Miron

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  1. Jing Dai
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  2. Yihui Ma
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  3. Miusi Shi
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  4. Zhengguo Cao
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  5. Yufeng Zhang
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Correspondence to Yufeng Zhang.

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Dai, J., Ma, Y., Shi, M. et al. Initial changes in alveolar bone volume for sham-operated and ovariectomized rats in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis. Clin Oral Invest 20, 581–588 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1531-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1531-3

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