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Chitosan-modified cobalt oxide nanoparticles stimulate TNF-α-mediated apoptosis in human leukemic cells

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop chitosan-based delivery of cobalt oxide nanoparticles to human leukemic cells and investigate their specific induction of apoptosis. The physicochemical properties of the chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The solubility of chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles was higher at acidic pH, which helps to release more cobalt ions into the medium. Chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles showed good compatibility with normal cells. However, our results showed that exposure of leukemic cells (Jurkat cells) to chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles caused an increase in reactive oxygen species generation that was abolished by pretreatment of cells with the reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine. The apoptosis of Jurkat cells was confirmed by flow-cytometric analysis. Induction of TNF-α secretion was observed from stimulation of Jurkat cells with chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles. We also tested the role of TNF-α in the induction of Jurkat cell death in the presence of TNF-α and caspase inhibitors. Treatment of leukemic cells with a blocker had a greater effect on cancer cell viability. From our findings, oxidative stress and caspase activation are involved in cancer cell death induced by chitosan-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgments

The authors express gratefulness to the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, for funding. The authors also express gratefulness to the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, and Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, for providing the facilities to execute these studies.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India

    Sourav Chattopadhyay, Sandeep Kumar Dash, Satyajit Tripathy, Balaram Das & Somenath Roy

  2. School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India

    Santanu Kar Mahapatra

  3. Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C Road, Kolkata, 700009, India

    Totan Ghosh & Debasis Das

  4. Nano Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Khargapur, 721302, West Bengal, India

    Panchanan Pramanik

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  1. Sourav Chattopadhyay
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  2. Sandeep Kumar Dash
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Correspondence to Somenath Roy.

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Chattopadhyay, S., Dash, S.K., Kar Mahapatra, S. et al. Chitosan-modified cobalt oxide nanoparticles stimulate TNF-α-mediated apoptosis in human leukemic cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 19, 399–414 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-013-1085-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-013-1085-2

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