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Suppression of osteoclastogenesis through phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha

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Abstract

In response to various stresses including viral infection, nutrient deprivation, and stress to the endoplasmic reticulum, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) is phosphorylated to cope with stress induced apoptosis. Although bone cells are sensitive to environmental stresses that alter the phosphorylation level of eIF2α, little is known about the role of eIF2α mediated signaling during the development of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Using two chemical agents (salubrinal and guanabenz) that selectively inhibit de-phosphorylation of eIF2α, we evaluated the effects of phosphorylation of eIF2α on osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 pre-osteoclasts as well as development of MC3T3 E1 osteoblast-like cells. The result showed that salubrinal and guanabenz stimulated matrix deposition of osteoblasts through upregulation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). The result also revealed that these agents reduced expression of the nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and inhibited differentiation of RAW264.7 cells to multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Partial silencing of eIF2α with RNA interference reduced suppression of salubrinal/guanabenz-driven downregulation of NFATc1. Collectively, we demonstrated that the elevated phosphorylation level of eIF2α not only stimulates osteoblastogenesis but also inhibit osteoclastogenesis through regulation of ATF4 and NFATc1. The results suggest that eIF2α-mediated signaling might provide a novel therapeutic target for preventing bone loss in osteoporosis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate M. Hamamura's technical assistance. This study was supported by the Grant DOD W81XWH-11-1-0716 to HY. All authors state that they have no conflicts of interest.

Conflict of interest

All authors state that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, SL155, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

    Kazunori Hamamura, Nancy Tanjung & Hiroki Yokota

  2. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

    Hiroki Yokota

Authors
  1. Kazunori Hamamura
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  2. Nancy Tanjung
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  3. Hiroki Yokota
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kazunori Hamamura.

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Hamamura, K., Tanjung, N. & Yokota, H. Suppression of osteoclastogenesis through phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha. J Bone Miner Metab 31, 618–628 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-013-0450-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-013-0450-0

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