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Structural complexity and functional diversity of plant NADPH oxidases

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Abstract

Plant NADPH oxidases also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) are a family of membrane-bound enzymes that play diverse roles in the defense response and morphogenetic processes via regulated generation of reactive oxygen species. Rbohs are associated with a variety of functions, although the reason for this is not clear. To evaluate using bioinformatics, the possible mechanisms for the observed functional diversity within the plant kingdom, 127 Rboh protein sequences representing 26 plant species were analyzed. Multiple clusters were identified with gene duplications that were both dicot as well as monocot-specific. The N-terminal sequences were observed to be highly variable. The conserved cysteine (equivalent of Cys890) in C-terminal of AtRbohD suggested that the redox-based modification like S-nitrosylation may regulate the activity of other Rbohs. Three-dimensional models corresponding to the N-terminal domain for Rbohs from Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa were constructed and molecular dynamics studies were carried out to study the role of Ca2+ in the folding of Rboh proteins. Certain mutations indicated possibly affect the structure and function of the plant NADPH oxidases, thereby providing the rationale for further experimental validation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support received under Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE) Programme, Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India (Grant no. DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2010[79]) and Fulbright-Nehru Doctoral and Professional Research Fellowship, United States-India Educational Foundation (USIEF), New Delhi, India (Grant no. 1663/DPR/2012-2013). The support from Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India (Grant no. BT/PR13965/BRB/10/883/2010) is also acknowledged. The authors are thankful to Onur Dagliyan for his helpful suggestions during simulation sessions.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Gurpreet Kaur

    Present address: Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tuebingen, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India

    Gurpreet Kaur & Pratap Kumar Pati

  2. Bioinformatics, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India

    Gurpreet Kaur & Kunchur Guruprasad

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Gurpreet Kaur, David G. Shirvanyants & Nikolay V. Dokholyan

  4. R. L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core Facility, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Brenda R. S. Temple

Authors
  1. Gurpreet Kaur
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  2. Kunchur Guruprasad
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  3. Brenda R. S. Temple
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  4. David G. Shirvanyants
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  5. Nikolay V. Dokholyan
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  6. Pratap Kumar Pati
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pratap Kumar Pati.

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Handling Editor: J. D. Wade.

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Kaur, G., Guruprasad, K., Temple, B.R.S. et al. Structural complexity and functional diversity of plant NADPH oxidases. Amino Acids 50, 79–94 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-017-2491-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-017-2491-5

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