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Effects of ethylenediurea (EDU) on apoplast and chloroplast proteome in two wheat varieties under high ambient ozone: an approach to investigate EDU’s mode of action

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Abstract

Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) is a serious threat to plants and animals in the present climate change scenario. High tropospheric O3 has the capability to disrupt cellular organelles leading to impaired photosynthesis and significant yield reduction. Apoplast and chloroplast are two important cellular components in a plant system. Their proteomic response with ethylenediurea (EDU) treatment under tropospheric O3 has not been explored till date. EDU (an organic compound) protects plants exclusively against harmful O3 effects through activation of antioxidant defense mechanism. The present study investigated the mode of action of EDU (hereafter MAE) by identifying proteins involved in apoplast and chloroplast pathways. Two wheat varieties viz. Kundan and PBW 343 (hereafter K and P respectively) and three EDU treatments (0= control, 200, and 300 ppm) have been used for the study. In apoplast isolates, proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), amino methyltransferase, catalase, and Germin-like protein have shown active role by maintaining antioxidant defense system under EDU treatment. Differential expression of these proteins leads to enhanced antioxidative defense mechanisms inside and outside the cell. Chloroplast proteins such as Rubisco, Ferredoxin NADP- reductase (FNR), fructose,1-6 bis phosphatase (FBPase), ATP synthase, vacuolar proton ATPase, and chaperonin have regulated their abundance to minimize ozone stress under EDU treatment. After analyzing apoplast and chloroplast protein abundance, we have drawn a schematic representation of the MAE working mechanism. The present study showed that plants can be capable of O3 tolerance, which could be improved by optimizing the apoplast ROS pool under EDU treatment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Director, CSIR-NBRI, for providing the necessary facilities. SKG and MS are grateful to CSIR and UGC, respectively, for senior research fellowship.

Funding

Funding for this work was provided by the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India (project no. PSC 112).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Ecology and Climate Change Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India

    Sunil K. Gupta, Marisha Sharma, Vivek K. Maurya, Farah Deeba & Vivek Pandey

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India

    Sunil K. Gupta & Vivek Pandey

  3. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666 303, Yunnan, China

    Sunil K. Gupta

  4. Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226 015, India

    Farah Deeba

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  1. Sunil K. Gupta
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  2. Marisha Sharma
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Correspondence to Vivek Pandey.

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Supplementary information

Table S1

Meteorological data during different developmental stages on experimental site (DOCX 12 kb)

Table S2

List of differentially expressed apoplast proteins in the leaf of wheat variety Kundan (DOCX 15 kb)

Table S3

List of differentially expressed apoplast proteins in the leaf of wheat variety PBW 343 (DOCX 15 kb)

Table S4

List of differentially expressed chloroplast proteins in the leaf of wheat variety Kundan (DOCX 36 kb)

Table S5

List of differentially expressed chloroplast proteins in the leaf of wheat variety PBW 343 (DOCX 37 kb)

Fig. S1

Schematic illustration of the different steps during the isolation of chloroplasts from wheat leaf (Triticum aestivum L.). After cell disruption, filtration and the different centrifugation step, intact and highly enriched chloroplasts can be isolated from the pellet, using further differential centrifugation and Percoll density gradients (PNG 1952 kb) (PNG 2059 kb)

High Resolution (TIF 8252 kb)

Fig. S2

Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase enzymatic assay for contamination check in isolated apoplasts (PNG 1035 kb)

High Resolution (TIF 4154 kb)

Fig. S3

Effect of EDU application on chloroplast protein abundance pattern in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Kundan and PBW 343). Pie diagram represents the percent increase or decrease and no effects on protein expression. (A. 200ppm EDU in PBW 343; B, 300ppm EDU in PBW 343; C, 200ppm EDU in Kundan; and D, 300ppm EDU in Kundan). (PNG 1952 kb)

High Resolution (TIF 7816 kb)

Fig. S4

Pie chart showing different functional categories among identified proteins in chloroplast in response to two EDU concentrations. (A- Kundan, B- PBW 343) (PNG 3352 kb)

High Resolution (TIF 13421 kb)

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Gupta, S.K., Sharma, M., Maurya, V.K. et al. Effects of ethylenediurea (EDU) on apoplast and chloroplast proteome in two wheat varieties under high ambient ozone: an approach to investigate EDU’s mode of action. Protoplasma 258, 1009–1028 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-021-01617-1

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