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Variability in Indian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties differing in nitrogen efficiency as assessed by microsatellite markers

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Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple food for half of the world. Its productivity and agronomical practices, especially for nitrogen supplementation, is governed by the nitrogen efficiency (NE) of the genotypes. We analyzed 16 popular cultivated Indian varieties of wheat for their NE and variability estimates using a set of 21 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, derived from each wheat chromosome. These genotypes were categorized into three groups, viz., low, moderate, and high nitrogen efficient. Of these 16 genotypes, we have reported six, eight, and two genotypes in high, moderate, and low NE categories, respectively. The differential NE in these genotypes was supported by nitrogen uptake and assimilation parameters. The values of average polymorphic information content and marker index for these SSR markers were estimated to be 0.32 and 0.59, respectively. The genetic similarity coefficient for all possible pairs of varieties ranged from 0.41 to 0.76, indicating the presence of considerable range of genetic diversity at molecular level. The dendrogram prepared on the basis of unweighted pair-group method of arithmetic average algorithm grouped the 16 wheat varieties into three major clusters. The clustering was strongly supported by high bootstrap values. The distribution of the varieties in different clusters and subclusters appeared to be related to their variability in NE parameter that was scored. Genetically diverse parents were identified that could potentially be used for their desirable characteristics in breeding programs for improvement of NE in wheat.

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Abbreviations

N:

nitrogen

NUE:

nitrogen use efficiency

NE:

nitrogen efficiency

SSR:

simple sequence repeat

PIC:

polymorphic information content

NR:

nitrate reductase

Km :

Michaelis-Menten constant

MI:

marker index

ANOVA:

one-way analysis of variance

LSD:

Fisher’s least significant difference

HNE:

high N efficient

LNE:

low N efficient

MNE:

moderate N efficient

UPGMA:

unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean

CTAB:

cetyl trimethylammonium bromide

GWM:

gatersleben wheat microsatellite

AICWIP:

all India coordinated wheat improvement project

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to the Director of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi for providing the seed material; to Drs. M. Röder and M. Ganal, IPK, Gatersleben, Germany for providing DNA aliquots of some of the unpublished SSR primers and Dr. Pankaj Kaushal for helpful discussions. Grateful thanks are also due to the Director of the National Institute of Plant Genome Research, and Head, Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India for providing facilities. We also gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Department of Biotechnology, Department of Science and Technology, and University Grants Commission, Government of India for carrying out the present study. We would like to thank the reviewers for their critical comments.

Conflicts of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Author notes

  1. Muhammad Iqbal

    Present address: Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Post Box # 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India

    Ruby Chandna, Altaf Ahmad & Muhammad Iqbal

  2. National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Campus, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Sarika Gupta & Manoj Prasad

Authors
  1. Ruby Chandna
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  2. Sarika Gupta
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  5. Manoj Prasad
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manoj Prasad.

Additional information

Ruby Chandna and Sarika Gupta contributed equally to this paper.

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Supplementary Table ESM 1

Identification of 16 wheat cultivars using seven microsatellite markers. (DOC 187 kb)

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Chandna, R., Gupta, S., Ahmad, A. et al. Variability in Indian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties differing in nitrogen efficiency as assessed by microsatellite markers. Protoplasma 242, 55–67 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-010-0122-z

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