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Evaluation of INOS, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 gene expression: A study of adult T cell leukemia malignancy associated with HTLV-1

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An Erratum to this article was published on 28 February 2017

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as host factors, and proviral load as the viral parameter, in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) individuals and healthy carrier (HC(s)) groups. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from ATLL patients (n = 17) and HC subjects (as the control group, n = 17) were evaluated using real-time PCR to determine the levels of HTLV-1 proviral load and mRNA expression of ICAM, VCAM-1, and iNOS. ICAM-1 was significantly lower in ATLL patients than in control subjects. Although the expression of VCAM-1 was higher in ATLL individuals, there was no significant difference between the studied groups. In addition, no iNOS expression was found in ATLL patients, when compared to the HCs subjects, while ATLL patients demonstrated a higher level of proviral load when compared to the control group. Considering the importance of ICAM-1 in facilitating immune recognition of infected cells, it is posited that reduction of ICAM-1 expression is a unique strategy for circumventing appropriate immune responses that are mediated by different accessory proteins. Additionally, as the viral regulatory protein Tax and the NF-κB pathway play pivotal roles in expression of iNOS, lack of the latter in ATLL patients may be related to the level of Tax expression, disruption of the NF-κB pathway, or the occurrence of epigenetical mechanisms in the human iNOS promoter. Further studies are recommended to gain a better understanding of the interaction between host and viral factors in HTLV-1 pathogenesis and to identify a possible therapeutic target for ATLL.

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Acknowledgement

The authors appreciate Mrs. Sheri Lynn jalalian as an English expert for reviewing the manuscript.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Genetics, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran

      Mahdokht Jafarian

    2. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

      Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani, Elham Patrad & Mehdi Norouzi

    3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

      Hamidreza Vaziri

    4. Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

      Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee & Mohammad Mehdi Akbarin

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    1. Mahdokht Jafarian
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    Correspondence to Mehdi Norouzi.

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    This project was financially supported by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran

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    This study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Medical Sciences Research at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

    Additional information

    M. Jafarian and S.-H. Mozhgani are co-first authors and contributed equally to this article.

    The original version of this article was revised: One of the author name “Mohammad Mehdi Akbarin” in the authorship was incorrectly published in this original version and the same is corrected here.

    An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3272-x.

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    Jafarian, M., Mozhgani, SH., Patrad, E. et al. Evaluation of INOS, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 gene expression: A study of adult T cell leukemia malignancy associated with HTLV-1. Arch Virol 162, 1009–1015 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3213-0

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