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Population structure and diversity of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates in Hunan province, China

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Abstract

Stem-pitting (SP) is the main type of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) that causes severe damage to citrus trees, especially those of sweet orange, in Hunan province, China. Understanding the local CTV population structure should provide clues for effective mild strain cross-protection (MSCP) of the SP strain of CTV. In this study, markers for the p23 gene, multiple molecular markers (MMMs), and sequence analysis of the three silencing suppressor genes (p20, p23 and p25) were employed to analyze the genetic diversity and genotype composition of the CTV population based on 51 CTV-positive samples collected from 14 citrus orchards scattered around six major citrus-growing areas of Hunan. The results indicated that the CTV population structure was extremely complex and that infection was highly mixed. In total, p23 gene markers resulted in six profiles, and MMMs demonstrated 25 profiles. The severe VT and T3 types appeared to be predominantly associated with SP, while the mild T30 and RB types were related to asymptomatic samples. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of p20, p23 and p25, 19 representative CTV samples were classified into seven recently established CTV groups and a potentially novel one. A high level of genetic diversity, as well as potential recombination, was revealed among different CTV isolates. Five pure SP severe and two pure mild strains were identified by genotype composition analysis. Taken together, the results update the genetic diversity of CTV in Hunan with the detection of one possible novel strain, and this information might be applicable for the selection of appropriate mild CTV strains for controlling citrus SP disease through cross-protection.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Shunyuan Xiao and Dr. Yunliu Zeng for critical reading of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Horticulture and Landscape College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China

    Cui Xiao, Run-Xian Yao, Fang Li, Su-Ming Dai & Zi-Niu Deng

  2. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China

    Su-Ming Dai & Zi-Niu Deng

  3. Parco Scientifico e Tecnologico della Sicilia, z.i., Stradale Lancia 57, 95121, Catania, Italy

    Grazia Licciardello & Antonino Catara

  4. Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Piazza Università 2, 95131, Catania, Italy

    Alessandra Gentile

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  1. Cui Xiao
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  2. Run-Xian Yao
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  3. Fang Li
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  4. Su-Ming Dai
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  5. Grazia Licciardello
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  6. Antonino Catara
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  7. Alessandra Gentile
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  8. Zi-Niu Deng
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Alessandra Gentile or Zi-Niu Deng.

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Funding

Financial support for this study was provided by the International Science & Technology Cooperation Project of Hunan Province (2014WK2011) and the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201203076-06).

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This article does not contain any studies of animals performed by any of the authors.

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Xiao, C., Yao, RX., Li, F. et al. Population structure and diversity of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates in Hunan province, China. Arch Virol 162, 409–423 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3089-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3089-z

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