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Spatial and temporal diversity of begomoviral complexes in papayas with leaf curl disease

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Abstract

Old World, monopartite begomoviruses associated with satellite DNA β were observed in papaya showing symptoms of leaf curl disease sampled randomly over five years from within a radius of 250 km in north-central India. Three groups of DNA A sequences were evident. One group resembled chili leaf curl virus infecting tomatoes (ChiLCuV). Another group resembled tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCuNDV). The third group was novel (tentatively named papaya leaf crumple virus, PaLCrV), with less than 89% identity to known begomovirus sequences in the GenBank database. At least seven DNA A sequences were putative recombinants. The AC4-encoding regions exhibited highest numbers of non-synonymous substitutions. Most DNA β sequences resembled tomato leaf curl virus–associated DNA βs. A few DNA β sequences were similar to that of croton yellow vein mosaic virus–associated DNA β (CroYVMVβ). One DNA β sequence was novel and showed <65% similarity to its counterparts. Mixed infections and sequence diversity among 25 cloned av1 genes indicated that papayas grown in plantations, kitchen gardens and feral patches in the region are vulnerable to disease outbreak. No geographic or temporal patterns were discernable in the distribution of these viruses.

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Acknowledgments

Drs. C. Fauquet and E. Rybicki are thanked for encouraging comments on preliminary poster presentations of this study. Drs. V. Calhoun and L. Bao of GenBank and NCBI are thanked for their advice during sequence submissions. PS acknowledges a PhD-ship from CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Government of India. SM-L thanks Dr. D. Gonsalves for an introduction into the world of papaya viruses. Equipment support from Bio-Rad (India) Inc. is gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by funds from University Grants Commission for strengthening R&D at Delhi University. No virus isolates from this study were grown or maintained at any site away from their site of origin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant-Virus Interactions Group, Lab#15/18, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 7, India

    P. Singh-Pant, P. Pant & S. Mazumdar-Leighton

  2. Plant Virus Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Delhi, 67, India

    S. K. Mukherjee

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  1. P. Singh-Pant
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  2. P. Pant
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  4. S. Mazumdar-Leighton
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Correspondence to S. Mazumdar-Leighton.

Additional information

Nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the GenBank database under accession numbers DQ376036-37, EU126822-24, DQ376038-39, HM134220-37, DQ989325-26, HM140364-71, EU126825-26, HM143901-11.

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Singh-Pant, P., Pant, P., Mukherjee, S.K. et al. Spatial and temporal diversity of begomoviral complexes in papayas with leaf curl disease. Arch Virol 157, 1217–1232 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1287-x

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