Abstract
Three artificial neural network (ANN) methods, namely, multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) are utilized to predict the seasonal tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the north Indian Ocean (NIO) during the post-monsoon season (October, November, December). The frequency of TC and large-scale climate variables derived from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset of resolution 2.5° × 2.5° were analyzed for the period 1971–2013. Data for the years 1971–2002 were used for the development of the models, which were tested with independent sample data for the year 2003–2013. Using the correlation analysis, the five large-scale climate variables, namely, geopotential height at 500 hPa, relative humidity at 500 hPa, sea-level pressure, zonal wind at 700 hPa and 200 hPa for the preceding month September, are selected as potential predictors of the post-monsoon season TC activity. The result reveals that all the three different ANN methods are able to provide satisfactory forecast in terms of the various metrics, such as root mean-square error (RMSE), standard deviation (SD), correlation coefficient (r), and bias and index of agreement (d). Additionally, leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) method is also performed and the forecast skill is evaluated. The results show that the MLP model is found to be superior to the other two models (RBF, GRNN). The (MLP) is expected to be very useful to operational forecasters for prediction of TC activity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Acharya N, Chattopadhyay S, Makarand A, Kulkarini MA, Mohanty UC (2012) A neurocomputing approach to predict monsoon rainfall in monthly scale using sst anomaly as a predictor. Acta Geophys 60(1):260–279
Ajeel SA (2010) A novel carbon steel pipe protection based on radial basis function neural network. Am J Applied Sci 7:248–251
Ali MM, Swain D, Weller RA (2004) Estimation of ocean subsurface thermal structure from surface parameters, a neural network approach. Geophys Res Lett 31:L20308. doi:10.1029/2004GL021192
Ali MM, Kishtawal CM, Jain S (2007) Predicting cyclone tracks in the north Indian Ocean: an artificial neural network approach. Geophys Res Lett 34:L04603. doi:10.1029/2006GL028353
Baik JJ, Paek JS (2000) A neural network model for predicting typhoon intensity. J Meteorol Soc Japan 78:857–869
Camargo SJ, Barnston AG, Klotzbach PK, Landsea CW (2007) Seasonal tropical cyclone forecasts. World Meteorol Organ Bull 56:297–309
Camp J, Roberts M, MacLachlan C, Wallace E, Hermanson L, Brookshaw A, Arribas A, Scaife AA (2015) Seasonal forecasting of tropical storms using the Met Office GloSea5 seasonal forecast system. QJR Meteorol Soc. doi:10.1002/qj.2516
Chan JCL, Liu CM (2001) Improvements in the seasonal forecasting of tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific. Wea. Forecasting 16:491–498
Chu PS, Zhao X (2007) A Bayesian regression approach for predicting tropical cyclone activity over the central North Pacific. J. Climate 20:4002–4013
Cigizoglu HK (2005) Application of the generalized regression neural networks to intermittent flow forecasting and estimation. ASCE J Hydrol Eng 10(4):336–341
Duong TH, Nguyen DC, Nguyen SD, Hoang MH (2013) An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for seasonal forecasting of tropical cyclones making landfall along the Vietnam coast, advanced computational methods for knowledge engineering. Springer International Publishing 479:225–236
Elsner JB, Schmertmann CP (1993) Improving extended range seasonal predictions of intense Atlantic hurricane activity. Wea Forecast 8:345–351
Elsner JB, Tsonis AA (1992) Nonlinear prediction, chaos, and noise. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 73:49–60
Gardner MW, Dorling SR (1998) Artificial neural networks (the multilayer perceptron)—a review of applications in the atmospheric sciences. Atmos Environ 32(14–15):2627–2636
Gardner MW, Dorling SR (2000) Statistical surface ozone models:an improved methodology to account for non-linear behaviour. Atmos Environ 34:21–34
Girishkumar MS, Ravichandran M (2012) The influences of ENSO on tropical cyclone activity in the Bay of Bengal during October–December. J Geophys Res 117:C02033. doi:10.1029/2011JC007417
Goni GJ, DeMaria M, Knaff J, Sampson C, Ginis I, Bringas F, Mavume A, Lauer C, Lin I-I, Ali MM, Sandery P, Ramos-Buarque B, Kang K, Mehra A, Chassignet E, Halliwell G (2009) Application of satellite-derived ocean measurements to tropical cyclone intensity forecasting. Oceanography 22:190–197
Gray WM (1968) Global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and storms. Mon Weather Rev 96:669–700
Gray WM (1977) Tropical cyclone genesis in the western North Pacific. J Meteorol Soc Japan 55:465–482
Gray WM (1984) Atlantic seasonal hurricane frequency. Part II, Forecasting its variability. Mon Wea Rev 112:1669–1683
Hagan MT, Demuth HB, Beale MH (1996) Neural Network Design. MA, PWS Publishing, Boston
Huang Y, Jin L (2013) A prediction scheme with genetic neural network and Isomap algorithm for tropical cyclone intensity change over western North Pacific. Meteorol Atmos Phys 121(3–4):143–152
Jin L, Yao C, Huang X-Y (2008) A nonlinear artificial intelligence ensemble prediction model for typhoon intensity. Mon Weather Rev 136:4541–4554
Jorquera H, P´erez R, Cipriano A, Espejo A, Letelier MV, Acuna G (1998) Forecasting ozone daily maximum levels at Santiago, Chile. Atmos Environ 32:3415–3424
Kim HS, Chang HH, Chu PS, Kim JH (2010) Seasonal prediction of summertime tropical cyclone activity over the East China Sea using the least absolute deviation regression and the Poisson regression. Int J Climatol 30:210–219
Klotzbach J, Philip J (2008) Refinement to Atlantic basin seasonal hurricane prediction from 1 December. J Geophys Res. doi:10.1029/2008D010047.1-11
Lin I, Goni GJ, Knaff J, Forbes C, Ali MM (2013) Ocean heat content for tropical cyclone intensity forecasting and its impact on storm surge. Nat Hazards 66:1481–1500
Mohapatra M, Bandyopadhyay BK, Ajit Tyagi (2011) Best track parameters of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean: a review. Nat Hazards. doi:10.1007/s11069-011-9935-0
Nicholls N (1979) A possible method for predicting seasonal tropical cyclone activity in the Australian region. Mon Wea Rev 107:1221–1224
Palmen EN (1948) On the formation and structure of the tropical hurricane. Geophysica 3:26–38
Park J, Sandberg IW (1991) Universal approximation using radial basis function networks. Neural Comput 3:246–257
Pattanaik DR, Mohapatra M (2013) Multi-model ensemble based extended range forecast of Tropical Cyclogenesis over the North Indian Ocean. Monitoring and prediction of tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean and climate change (ISBN-978-93-88891-07-0), Capital Publishing Company, Springer. 203–218
Ramirez ND, Castro JM (2006) A transfer function model to predict hurricane intensity. In: Paper presented at 27th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, American Meteorological Society, Monterey, California, pp 23–28
Sharma N, Ali MM, Knaff JA, Chand P (2013) A soft-computing cyclone intensity prediction scheme for the Western North Pacific Ocean. Atmos Sci Lett 14:187–192
Vitart F, Stockdale TN (2001) Seasonal forecasting of tropical storms using coupled GCM integrations. Mon Wea Rev 129:2521–2537
Vitart F, Huddleston MR, Deque M, Peake D, Palmer TN, Stockdale TN, Davey MK, Ineson S, Weisheimer A (2007) Dynamically-based seasonal forecasts of Atlantic tropical storm activity issued in June by EUROSIP. Geophys Res Lett 34:L16815. doi:10.1029/2007GL030740
Vos F, Rodriguez J, Below R, Guha-Sapir D (2009) Annual disaster statistical review 2008. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) Brussels Belgium, p 33. Available online at http://www.cred.be/sites/default/files/ADSR_2009.pdf
Werner A, Holbrook NJ (2011) A Bayesian forecast model of Australian region tropical cyclone formation. J Clim 24:6114–6131
Wilks DS (1995) Statistical Methods in Atmospheric Sciences, lst edn. Academic Press, San Diego
Willmott CJ (1982) Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 63:1309–1313
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the Director General of Meteorology, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi, for providing all the facilities to carry out this research work. The authors acknowledge the use of NCEP data in this research work. The authors are also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions for improvement of the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: J. T. Fasullo.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nath, S., Kotal, S.D. & Kundu, P.K. Seasonal prediction of tropical cyclone activity over the north Indian Ocean using three artificial neural networks. Meteorol Atmos Phys 128, 751–762 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-016-0446-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-016-0446-0