Abstract
Over the last 10 years, the use of opto- and chemogenetics to modulate neuronal activity in research applications has increased exponentially. Both techniques involve the genetic delivery of artificial proteins (opsins or engineered receptors) that are expressed on a selective population of neurons. The firing of these neurons can then be manipulated using light sources (for opsins) or by systemic administration of exogenous compounds (for chemogenetic receptors). Opto- and chemogenetic tools have enabled many important advances in basal ganglia research in rodent models, yet these techniques have faced a slow progress in non-human primate (NHP) research. In this review, we present a summary of the current state of these techniques in NHP research and outline some of the main challenges associated with the use of these genetic-based approaches in monkeys. We also explore cutting-edge developments that will facilitate the use of opto- and chemogenetics in NHPs, and help advance our understanding of basal ganglia circuits in normal and pathological conditions.
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(Figure modified with permission from Galvan et al. 2016)
(Figure reproduced with permission from Dimidschstein et al. 2016)
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported through grants from NIH/NINDS R01-NS083386, P50-NS098685 (Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research), and NIH/ORIP to the Yerkes Center (P51 OD011132).
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Galvan, A., Caiola, M.J. & Albaugh, D.L. Advances in optogenetic and chemogenetic methods to study brain circuits in non-human primates. J Neural Transm 125, 547–563 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-017-1697-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-017-1697-8