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Changes of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the model of experimental acute hydrocephalus in rabbits

  • Experimental Research - Pediatrics
  • Published:
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Abstract

Background

To study the integrity of white matter, we investigated the correlation between the changes in neuroradiological and morphological parameters in an animal model of acute obstructive hydrocephalus.

Methods

Hydrocephalus was induced in New Zealand rabbits (n = 10) by stereotactic injection of kaolin into the lateral ventricles. Control animals received saline in place of kaolin (n = 10). The progression of hydrocephalus was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Regional fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured in several white matter regions before and after the infusion of kaolin. Morphology of myelinated nerve fibers as well as of the blood–brain barrier were studied with the help of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy.

Results

Compared with control animals, kaolin injection into the ventricles resulted in a dramatic increase in ventricular volume with compression of basal cisterns, brain shift and periventricular edema (as observed on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). The values of ADC in the periventricular and periaqueductal areas significantly increased in the experimental group (P < 0.05). FA decreased by a factor of 2 in the zones of periventricular, periaqueductal white matter and corpus collosum. Histological analysis demonstrated the impairment of the white matter and necrobiotic changes in the cortex. Microsctructural alterations of the myelin fibers were further proved with the help of TEM. Blood–brain barrier ultrastructure assessment showed the loss of its integrity.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated the correlation of the neuroradiological parameters with morphological changes. The abnormality of the FA and ADC parameters in the obstructive hydrocephalus represents a significant implication for the diagnostics and management of hydrocephalus in patients.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Olga G. Genbach, Nelly V. Koroleva, Dmitriy N. Suslov, Oleg V. Galibin, Tatiana V. Zakoldaeva, Irina V. Kononova, Yulia E. Shevchuk, Oleg A. Don for assistance in animal experiments.

Conflicts of interest

None.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, nos. 140800614 and 130401299.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. A.L. Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery, 191014, Mayakovsky str. 12, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Maxim A. Shevtsov, Alexander V. Kim, Kseniia A. Gerasimova & William A. Khachatryan

  2. I.P. Pavlov State Medical University, 197022, L. Tolstoi str. 6-8, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Konstantin A. Senkevich & Galina Y. Yukina

  3. Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 194064, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Maxim A. Shevtsov, Marina G. Martynova & Olga A. Bystrova

  4. N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 197376, Akademika Pavlova str. 9, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Tatyana N. Trofimova, Galina V. Kataeva, Sviatoslav V. Medvedev, Olga I. Smirnova & Zhanna I. Savintseva

  5. The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, 3730 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Emil Pitkin

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  1. Maxim A. Shevtsov
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Correspondence to Maxim A. Shevtsov.

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Comment

This is a well-written and illustrated study investigating the correlation between the changes of neuroradiological and morphological parameters in an experimental model of acute obstructive hydrocephalus. It is clear that conventional MRI sequences provide accurate data to help the diagnosis of acute and chronic hydrocephalus. Nonetheless, the use of diffusion sequences demonstrated that values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the periventricular and periaqueductal areas were significantly increased and fractional anisotropy was decreased in the zones of periventricular, periaqueductal white matter and corpus callosum. These features could be attributed to the integrity loss of the blood–brain barrier. Histological analysis confirms this hypothesis and results presented here by the authors are in accordance with previously published observations of ultrastructural changes in blood–brain barrier in patients with congenital hydrocephalus. Together, the results of this study suggest that restoration of blood–brain barrier permeability may play a role in some stage of the treatment of hydrocephalus. Further studies are warranted.

Alfredo Conti

Messina, Italy

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Shevtsov, M.A., Senkevich, K.A., Kim, A.V. et al. Changes of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the model of experimental acute hydrocephalus in rabbits. Acta Neurochir 157, 689–698 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-014-2339-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-014-2339-7

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