Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative leaf anatomy and phylogeny of Syzygium Gaertn.

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Plant Systematics and Evolution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The leaf anatomy of 81 species of Syzygium was examined. General generic and subgeneric descriptions of Syzygium leaf anatomy are given. Four stomatal types (anisocytic, anomocytic, cyclo-staurocytic and paracytic) that occur exclusively or in combinations are recognised. Two major vascular systems are differentiated by the presence or absence of adaxial phloem partition. Phylogenetic inferences using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods for separate and combined analyses of DNA (ETS and ITS) sequences and morphological (leaf anatomy and macromorphology) data were conducted. Results of the combined analyses gave slightly higher support value for clade than analyses based on DNA sequences. The subgenera Perikion, Sequestratum and Syzygium are strongly supported, but the subgenus Acmena is moderately supported in the Bayesian but not in the parsimony analysis of combined data sets. The relationships among subgenera are not fully resolved. All the leaf anatomical characters examined are homoplastic. We did not find any unique leaf anatomical characters allowing delimiting of the four subgenera in Syzygium. However, a combinations of non-unique leaf anatomical characters, including stomatal types, crystal types and frequency, and midrib vascular system (adaxial phloem partition) are diagnostic for subgeneric groups.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Wilkinson (1979) extended Metcalfe and Chalk’s (1950) stomata classification by differentiating actinocytic from cyclocytic types. The term cyclocytic, proposed by Stace (1965), is actually an extension of actinocytic stomata types that was originally proposed by Metcalfe and Chalk (1950). Wilkinson (1979) added that the subsidiary cells of actinocytic stomata are radially elongated; this implies that the radial diameters of the cells are bigger than their tangential width and that the subsidiary cells of cyclocytic are the opposite (therefore, the tendency to form narrow rings). In this study, we consider actinocytic and cyclocytic to be the same stomatotype and that they are probably variants of one another. The term cyclocytic was used here in Syzygium because of the tendency of these stomata towards cyclocytic form, in having subsidiary cells that vary from equal width and height to wider than high. Van Cotthem (1970) introduced the term staurocytic and defined it as "stoma surrounded by four (sometimes three or five) similar subsidiary cells with anticlinal walls arranged crosswise to the guard cells; subsidiary cells more or less radially elongated; the ‘cross’ randomly orientated to the long axis of the pore". Later, Wilkinson (1979) broadened the term by adding ‘the cell walls at the right angles to the long axis of the pore are variously oriented’ after she considered anomotetracytic stomata of Dilcher (1974) as a variant form of staurocytic stomata. Dilcher (1974) differentiated anomotetracytic from staurocytic in having subsidiary cells that are not arranged strictly crosswise, but irregular and variable in pattern. In this study, there was an intergrading characters of cyclocytic and staurocytic stomatal types, and hence the term cyclo-staurocytic was used.

References

  • Baranova M (1992) Principles of comparative stomatographic studies of flowering plants. Bot Rev 58:49–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biffin E, Craven LA, Crisp MD, Gadek PA (2006) Molecular systematics of Syzygium and allied genera (Myrtaceae): evidence from the chloroplast genome. Taxon 55:79–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Briggs BG, Johnson LAS (1979) Evolution in the Myrtaceae-evidence from inflorescence structure. Proc Linn Soc New S Wales 102:157–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardoso CMV, Proença SL, Sajo MG (2009) Foliar anatomy of the subfamily Myrtoideae (Myrtaceae). Aust J Bot 57:148–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chantaranothai P, Parnell JAN (2002) Myrtaceae. In: Santisuk T. et al. (eds) Flora of Thailand 7:778–914

  • Chattaway MM (1959) The anatomy of bark VII. Species of Eugenia (sens. lat.). Trop Woods 111:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Craven LA (2001) Unravelling knots of plaiting rope: what are the major taxonomic strands in Syzygium sens. lat. (Myrtaceae) and what should be done with them? In: Saw LG et al. (eds) Proceeding of the 4th Flora Malesiana Symposium (1998). Forest Research Institute Malaysia: pp 75–85

  • Craven LA, Biffin E (2010) An infrageneric classification of Syzygium (Myrtaceae). Blumea 55:94–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutler DF, Botha CEJ, Stevenson DW (2008) Plant anatomy: an applied approach. Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Dadswell HE, Ingle HD (1947) The wood anatomy of the Myrtaceae I. A note on the genera Eugenia, Syzygium, Acmena and Cleistocalyx. Trop Woods 90:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Den Hartog RM, Baas P (1978) Epidermal characters of the Celastraceae sensu lato. Acta Bot Neerlandica 27:355–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson WC (2000) Integrative plant anatomy. Academic Press, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilcher DL (1974) Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf remains. Bot Rev 40:1–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochem Bull Bot Soc Am 19:11–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Farooqui P (1981a) Ontogeny of the tricytic stoma-variations and modifications. Proc Indian Acad Sci (Plant Sci) 90:85–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Farooqui P (1981b) Ontogeny of the anomocytic stoma-variations and modifications. Proc Indian Acad Sci (Plant Sci) 90:245–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Farooqui P (1982) Ontogeny of the paracytic stoma: variations and modifications. Proc Indian Acad Sci (Plant Sci) 91:145–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evol 39:783–791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franceschi VR, Horner HT (1980) Calcium oxalate crystals in plant. Bot Rev 46:361–427

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gamage H, Asthon MS, Singhakumara BMP (2003) Leaf structure of Syzygium spp. (Myrtaceae) in relation to site affinity within a tropical rain forest. Bot J Linn Soc 141:365–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goveart R, Sobral M, Ashton P et al. (2010—onwards) World Checklist of Myrtaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.kew.org/wcsp/. Accessed January 2011

  • Harrington MG, Gadek PA (2004) Molecular systematics of the Acmena alliance (Myrtaceae): phylogenetic analyses and evolutionary implications with reference to Australia taxa. Aust Syst Bot 17:63–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson MR (1949) The genus Eugenia (Myrtaceae) in Malaya. Gard Bull Singap 12:1–293

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodkinson TR, Waldren S, Parnell JAN et al (2007) DNA banking for plant breeding, biotechnology and biodiversity evaluation. J Plant Res 120:17–29

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horner HT, Wanke S, Samain MS (2009) Evolution and systematic value of leaf crystal macropatterns in the genus Peperomia (Piperaceae). Int J Plant Sci 170:343–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyland BPM (1983) A provisional revision of Syzygium and allied genera (Myrtaceae) in Australia. Aust J of Bot Supplementary 9:1–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingle HD, Dadswell HE (1953) The anatomy of the timbers of the South-West pacific area III. Myrtaceae. Aust J Bot 1:353–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvie JK, Koerniati S (1986) Leaf anatomical characters in the evaluation of clove generic resources. Indonesian J Crop Sci 2:79–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson CT (1980) The leaf anatomy of Leptospermum Forst. (Myrtaceae). Aust J Bot 28:77–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kantachot C, Chantaranothai P, Thammathaworn A (2007) Contributions to the leaf anatomy and taxonomy of Thai Myrtaceae. Nat His J Chulalongkorn University 7:35–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Kausch AP, Horner HT (1982) A comparison of calcium oxalate crystals isolated from callus cultures and their explant sources. Scan Electron Microsc 1:199–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Keating RC (1984) Leaf histology and its contribution to relationships in the Myrtales. Ann Missouri Bot Gard 71:801–823

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khatijah HH, Cutler DF, Moore DM (1992) Leaf anatomical studies of Eugenia L (Myrtaceae) species form the Malay Peninsula. Bot J Linn Soc 110:137–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klucking EP (1989) Leaf venation pattern. In: Cramer J (ed) Myrtaceae, vol III. Cramer, Stuttgart

  • Lersten NR, Horner HT (2008a) Crystal macropatterns in leaves of Fagaceae and Nothofagaceae: a comparative study. Plant Syst Evol 271:239–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lersten NR, Horner HT (2008b) Subepidermal idioblasts and crystal macropattern in leaves of Ticodendron (Ticodendraceae). Plant Syst Evol 276:255–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liston A, Robinson WA, Oliphant JM, Alvarez-Buylla ER (1996) Length variation in the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region of non-flowering seed plants. Syst Bot 21:109–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merrill ED, Perry LM (1939) The Myrtaceae genus Syzygium Gaertner in Borneo. Mem Am Acad Arts Sci 18:135–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe CR, Chalk L (1950) Myrtaceae. In: Anatomy of dicotyledons-leaves, stems and wood in relation to taxonomy with notes on economic uses. Oxford University Press, London

  • Nickrent DL, Schuette KP, Starr EM (1994) A molecular phylogeny of Arceuthobium (Viscaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. Am J Bot 81:1149–1160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noorma WH, Moore DM (1996) The taxonomic significance of leaf micromorphology in the genus Eugenia L (Myrtaceae). Bot J Linn Soc 120:265–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Parnell JAN, Craven L, Biffin E (2007) Matters of scale: dealing with one of the largest genera of Angiosperms. In: Hodkinson T, Parnell J (eds) Towards the tree of life: systematics of species rich groups. Systematics Association Special Series Volume 72, London, pp 251–274

  • Patel RC, Inamdar JA (1971) Structure and ontogeny of stomata in some Polemoniales. Ann Bot 35:389–409

    Google Scholar 

  • Posada D, Crandall KA (1998) ModelTest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14:817–818

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rambaut A, Drummond AJ (2007) Tracer v1.4. Available from http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer

  • Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572–1574

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP, Van der Mark P (2010) MRBAYES 3.2 manual. http://mrbayes.csit.fsu.edu/wiki/index.php/Manual_3.2. Accessed 31 May 2011

  • Schmid R (1972a) A resolution of the Eugenia-Syzygium controversy (Myrtaceae). Am J Bot 59:423–436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid R (1972b) Floral anatomy of Myrtaceae. I. Syzygium. Bot Jahr Syst 92:433–489

    Google Scholar 

  • Stace CA (1965) Cuticular studies as an aid to plant taxonomy. Bull Br Mus Nat Hist (Bot) 4:3–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Swofford DL (2001) PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and Other Methods). Version 4.0b 10 (PPC). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland

    Google Scholar 

  • van Cotthem W (1970) A classification of stomatal types. Bot J Linn Soc 63:235–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Staveren MGC, Baas P (1973) Epidermal leaf characters of the Malesian Icacinaceae. Acta Bot Neerlandica 22:329–359

    Google Scholar 

  • van Welzen PC, Baas P (1984) A leaf anatomical contribution to the classification of the Linaceae complex. Blumea 29:453–479

    Google Scholar 

  • White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MD, Gelfand D, Sninsky J, White T (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and application. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 315–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson HP (1979) The plant surface (mainly leaf). In: Metcalfe CR, Chalk L (eds) Anatomy of the dicotyledons, 2nd edn edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 97–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright SD, Yong CG, Wichman SR, Dawson JW, Gardner RC (2001) Stepping stones to Hawaii: a trans-equatorial dispersal pathway for Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) inferred from nrDNA (ITS and ETS). J Biogeography 28:769–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was largely funded by the Trinity College Dublin under the Trinity College Postgraduate Award. A special thanks to SYNTHESYS (European Union-funded Integrated Infrastructure Initiative grant) for funding research visits to the herbarium in Paris. Many thanks to Ursula King, who has contributed in collecting some of the leaf anatomy and molecular data. The following are thanked for their advice on the molecular analyses: Trevor Hodkinson, Mark Harrington, Ed Biffin, Peter van Welzen and Peter Hovenkamp. A big thanks to Liam Furlong for the graphics. We are very grateful to the Curators of KKU, L, P and BKF herbarium for providing material for our study. We are grateful to Pieter Baas for his advice and comments on the leaf anatomy data.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland

    Wuu Kuang Soh & John Parnell

Authors
  1. Wuu Kuang Soh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. John Parnell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wuu Kuang Soh.

Appendices

Appendix 1

Samples used in the leaf anatomy study. The format follows species, distribution, collector’s name and number and herbarium duplicate. Abbreviation for geographical distribution follows: AUS Australia, BOR Borneo, CBD Cambodia, CHH Hainan, CHS China South East, IND India, JAW Jawa, LAO Lao PDR, MAL Peninsular Malaysia, NWC New Caledonia, NWG Papua New Guinea, PHI Philippines, SUM Sumatra, THA Thailand, VIE Vietnam.

Piliocalyx francisii Guillaumi: NWC—H.S. McKee 8185 (L). Syzygium abortivum (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: LAO—Thorel s.n. (P); THA—Thorel s.n. (P); VIE—Squire 106 (P), Vidal 795A (P). S. acuminatissimum DC.: CHS—Tsang 2714 (P); THA—Beusekom & Phengklai 842 (BKF), Kerr 8749 (TCD). S. aksornae P.Chantaranothai & J.Parn.: MLY—King 5780 (TCD);THA—Kerr 12238 (TCD). S. angkae (Craib) P.Chantaranothai & J.Parn.: THA—Fenelly 7 (TCD), H.B.G. Garrett 1120 (TCD); VIE—Martin M.A. 936 (P), Vidal 794A (P). S. antisepticum (Wight) S.N. Mitra: CBD—Martin 164 (P), Smitinand & Abbe 6489 (BKF); MLY—King 5433 (TCD); PHI—Hutchinson 7548 (L); THA—Fenelly 16 (TCD), Kerr 9799 (TCD), Kerr 9799 (TCD). S. apodophyllum (F.Muell.) B.Hyland: AUS—Hyland 9176 (L), Irvine 821 (L). S. araiocladum Merr. & L.M.Perry: VIE—Tsang 29081, Tsang 30349 (P). S. attenuatum (Miq.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: THA—Kerr 11785 (TCD), Phusomsaeng 245 (BKF), Ploenchit 291 (BKF). S. attopeuense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: LAO—Tixier 2235708 (P); THA—Phengnaren et al. 95 (BKF); VIE—Rejamanek s.n. (P); Schmid s.n. (P). S. balsameum Wall. ex A.M. & J.M.Cowan: THA—Beusekom & Phengklai 2580 (BKF), Kerr 920 (TCD); VIE—Balansa 2878 (P). S. bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: BOR—Endert 1584 (L), S 41554 (L), SAN 86080 (L); JAW—Ploem s.n. (L); SUM—bb. 14399 (L); Kostermans 760 (L); Bogor cult. V.B116 (L). S. bicolor Merr. & Perry: NWG—Hartley 1200 (L), NGF 41971(L). S. boisianum (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: VIE—Petelot 6202 (P), Petelot 6274 (P), Tsang 27341 (P), Tsang 30728 (P). S. borneense (Miq.) Miq.: CBD—Martin 182 (P); LAO—Vidal 2223 (P); THA—Kerr 17298 (BKF); VIE—Tsang 29839 (L). S. bullockii (Hance) Merr. & L.M.Perry: CHH—Lei 1022 (P); VIE—J. & M.S. Clemens 3716 (P), Lecomte & Finet 883 (P), Pierre 1870 (P). S. campanulatum Korth.: THA—Emer END16 (KKU); THA—Kerr 16304 (BKF); THA—Chantaranothai & Kantachot 463 (KKU). S. canicortex B.Hyland: AUS—Hyland 10155 (L), Irvine 1694 (L). S. championii (Benth.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: VIE—Tsang 26910 (P), Tsang 27174 (P), Tsang 27222 (P). S. claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall ex Steudel: CBD—Chevalier 31723 (P); THA—Parnell, Chayamarit, Pooma, Simpson, Suddee & B. de Wilde 1851 (TCD); VIE—Balansa 2880 (L), Pierre s.n. (P), VN 1368 (Schmid) (P). S. corynanthum (F.Muell.) L.A.S.Johnson: AUS—Hyland 4121 R.F.K. (L), Hyland 9795 (L). S. cryptophlebium (F.Muell.) Craven & Biffin: AUS—Balgooy 1505 (L), Gray 678 (L), Hyland 8320 (L), Irvine 1284 (L), Smith & Pedley 11042 (L). S. cuminii (L.) Skeels: CBD—Petelot 3190 (P), Pierre 3190 (P); LAO—Tixier 1735609 (P), Vidal 2202 (P); VIE—Petelot 4679 (P), Petelot 6394 (P), Thorel s.n. (P). S. diospyrifolium (Wall. ex Duthie) S.N.Mitra: THA—Santisuk s.n. (BKF 100184) (BKF); VIE—Balansa 2865 (P), Chevalier 30093 (P). S. divaricatum (Merr. & L.M.Perry) Craven & Biffin: AUS—Hyland 3165 R.F.K. (L), Hyland 8800 (L). S. fastigiatum (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry: THA—K. & S. Larsen 32708 (TCD), Kerr 16843 (TCD), Kerr 18155 (TCD); VIE—Pierre s.n. (P). S. formosum (Wall.) Masam.: THA—Chantaranothai, Parnell, Simpson & Pooma 90/590 (TCD), Fennelly 13 (TCD); VIE—Vu Van Cuong 434 (P). S. francisii (Bailey) L.A.S.Johnson: AUS—Hyland 6677 (L), Smith 05150 (L). S. grande (Wight) Walp.: THA—Chataranothai, Parnell & Simpson 90/548 (TCD), Kerr 14000 (TCD), Parnell, Chayamarit, Pooma, Simpson, Suddee & B. de Wilde 1869 (TCD); VIE—Pierre s.n. (P). S. graveolens (F.M.Bailey) Craven & Biffin: AUS—Gray 2048 (L), Irvine 1447 (L). S. gustavioides (F.M.Bail.) B.Hyland: AUS—Hyland 3220 R.F.K. (L), Hyland 8777 (L). S. hancei Merr. & L.M.Perry: CBD—Middleton & Monyrak 623 (TCD); CHS—Tsang 26695 (P); THA—Chantaranothai, Parnell, Simpson & Sridit 90/225 (TCD); VIE—Petelot 2596 (A), Pierre s.n. (P), Tsang 27389 (P). S. harmandii (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: CBD—Hahn s.n. (P). S. hedraiophyllum (F.Muell.) Craven & Biffin: AUS—Hyland 9290 (L), Irvine 1681 (L). S. hemisphericum (Walp.) Alston: CBD—Diffon 509 (P), Magnen, Gourgand & Châtillon 7 (P); THA—Smitinand 10351 (BKF); VIE—Pierre s.n. (P). S. imitans Merr. & L.M.Perry: VIE—Tsang 26890 (P), Tsang 27232 (P), Tsang 30415 (P). S. jambos (L.) Alston: LAO—Spire 1025 (P); VIE—Balansa 2862 (P), Chevalier 30092 (P). S. jasminifolium (Ridl.) P.Chantaranothai & J.Parn.: MLY—FRI 17545 (L); THA—Sangkhachand, Phusomsaeng & Nimanong 1073 (BKF). S. khaoyaiense (P.Chantaranothai & J.Parn.) Craven & Biffin: THA—K. Larsen 10316 (BKF). S. kinabaluense (Stapf) Merr. & L.M.Perry: BOR—RSNB 194 (L), RSNB 4743 (L), RSNB 5884 (L), S 35823 (L), S 44469 (L), Smith 508 (L). S. levinei (Merr.) Merr.: VIE—Balansa 2887 (P), Balansa 2891 (P), D’Alleizette s.n. (L). S. lineatum (DC.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: CBD—Martin 1085 IREFC M37 (P), Martin 1676 (P); LAO—Harmand 252 (P); THA—Kerr 9283 (TCD). S. luehmannii (F.Muell.) L.A.S.Johnson: AUS—Hyland 9207 (L), Irvine 1639 (L); NWG—Brass 24853 (L). S. mackinnonianum (B.Hyland) Craven & Biffin: AUS—Hyland 11162 (L), Hyland 3310 R.F.K. (L). S. malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: LAO—Harmand 48 (P); VIE—Petelot 3387 (P), Thorel 311 (P). S. megacarpum (Craib) N.C.Rathakrishnan & N.C.Nair: LAO—Vidal 2577 (P); THA—Chantaranothai, Parnell & Simpson 90/432 (TCD), Fenelly 12 (TCD), Parnell, Chayamarit, Pooma, Simpson, Suddee & B. de Wilde 2032 (TCD). S. mulgraveanum (B.Hyland) Craven & Biffin: AUS—Hyland 8900 (L), Hyland 9248 (L). S. multibracteolatum (Merr.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: BOR—S 124475 (L), S 35667 (L), S 36624 (L), S 44292 (L). S. multipetalum Pancher ex Brongn. & Gris: AUS—Ingle I.71 (L). S. nervosum DC.: CHS—Tsang 26778 (P); THA—Maxwell s.n. (BKF 090782) (BKF); VIE—Balansa 2871 (P). S. nigrans (Gagnep.) Craven & Biffin: THA—Murataet, Phengklai, Mitsuta, Nagamasu & Nantasan 37145 (BKF); VIE—D’Alleizette s.n. (L), Pierre s.n. (P), Thorel s.n. (P). S. nummularium Airy Shaw: BOR—Richard 1981 (L), Richard 2417 (L), S 40942 (L). S. oblatum (Roxb.) Wall. Ex A.M. Cowan & Cowan: CBD—Magnen, Gourgand & Chatillon s.n. (P), Martin 1567 (P); THA—Collin 1368 (TCD), Geesink et al. (L), Parnell et al. 2044 (TCD); VIE—D’Alleizette s.n. (L), Martin 943 (P). S. odoratum DC.: VIE—J. & M.S. Clemens 3778 (P), J. & M.S. Clemens 4215 (P). S. pachysarcum (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: CBD—Bejaud 569 (P), Herbier Forestier du Cambodge 505 (P), Magnen, Gourgand & Châtillon 2 (P); VIE—Pierre s.n. (P). S. phengklaii (P.Chantaranothai & J.Parn.) Craven & Biffin: THA—Phengklai 4020 (BKF). S. pierrei (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: VIE—Pierrei s.n. (P). S. polyanthum (Wight) Walp.: CBD—Vidal 5010 (P); VIE—Tsang 30136 (L), Vu Van Cuong 1586. S. polycladum Merr. & L.M.Perry: BOR—Clemens 34208 (L), Clemens 40690A (L), Clemens 40692A (L), S 29020 (L). S. praecox (Roxb.) N.C.Rathakrishnan & N.C.Nair: THA—Kerr 17007 (TCD), Phusomaeng & Pinnin 318 (BKF); VIE—Schmid s.n. (P), Tsang 30757 (L). S. pterophorum Merr. & L.M.Perry: BOR—Clemens 29470 (L), Clemens 32012 (L), Clemens 33047 (L), Clemens 33047 (L). S. ripicola (Craib) Merr. & L.M.Perry: CBD—Bejaud 562 (P): VIE—Beusokom & Phengklai 106 (P), d’Alleizette s.n. (L), Schmid s.n. (P), Vu Van Cuong 278. S. sclerophyllum Thwaites: CBD—Dy Phon 1141 (P), Martin 806 (P), Stone B.C. 9264 (L), Vidal 4798 (P). S. siamense (Craib) P.Chantaranothai & J.Parn.: THA—Kerr 12565A (TCD), Kerr 598 (TCD); VIE—Bon 4191 (P), Chevalier 29923 (P). S. smithii Nied.: AUS—Hyland 11365 (L), Hyland 3134 R.F.K. (L). S. stapfianum (King) I.M.Turner: MLY—Wray-Smith KEP 79154 (L). S. sterrophyllum Merr. & L.M.Perry: CBD—Bansok 92 (BKF); CHS—Tsang 26735 (P); VIE—Balansa 1149 (P), Tsang 30189 (P). S. syzygioides (Miq.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: THA—Maxwell 85-123 (BKF); VIE—d’ Alleizette s.n. (L), Pierre s.n. (barcode P00589397) (P), Pierre s.n. (P). S. tenuirame (Miq.) Merr.: JAW—HB 834 & 843 (L); PHI—Bureau Science 34495 (Ramos & Pascasio) (L), Bureau Science 34709 (Ramos & Pascasio) (L); SUM—Teysman s.n. (L), Unknown s.n. (L). S. tephrodes (Hance) Merr. & L.M.Perry: CHH—Hendry 8086 (P), Lei 10 (P), Wang 33411 (P). S. tetragonum (Wight) Walp.: IN—J.D. Hooker s.n. (P); THA—Fenelly 5 (TCD); VIE—Petelot 6303 (P); VH 2934 (P). S. tetrapterum (Miq.) P.Chantaranothai & J.Parn.: JAW—Cultivated Bogor V B.70 (L); MLY—Mohd. Shah 2283 (L), SFN 38935 (L). S. thorelii (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: LAO—Thorel 3010 (P), Vidal 2786 (P), Vidal 2520 (P); THA—Kerr 20698 (TCD). S. tonkinense (Gagnep.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: VIE—Bon 2969 (P). S. tsoongii (Merr.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: CHH—How, F.C. 70528 (P); VIE—Balansa 1148 (P), Balansa 1148 (P), Lecomte & finet (P). S. unipunctatum (B.Hyland) Craven & Biffin: AUS—Gray 667 (L), Hyland 7357 (L). S. vestitum Merr. & L.M.Perry: LAO—Vidal 5696 (P); VIE—Petelot 6145 (P), Phengklai 10604. S. wilsonii (F.Muell.) B.Hyland: AUS—Dockrill 889 (L), Smith & Pedley 10193 (L). S. zeylanicum (L.) DC.: THA—Kerr 7083A (TCD), Kerr 15684 (TCD). S. zimmermannii (Warb.) Merr. & L.M.Perry: LAO—Spire 419 (P); THA—Kerr 20018 (BKF), Zimmermann 101 (L); VIE—Vidal 2521 (P).

Appendix 2

See Table 6.

Table 6 Source of plant material and GenBank Accession numbers for ITS and ETS nuclear DNA used in this study
Full size table

Appendix 3

See Table 7.

Table 7 Data matrix of morphological data in the study
Full size table

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Soh, W.K., Parnell, J. Comparative leaf anatomy and phylogeny of Syzygium Gaertn.. Plant Syst Evol 297, 1 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0495-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0495-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation