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Development of PCR-based chloroplast DNA markers that characterize domesticated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata var. unguiculata) and highlight its crop-weed complex

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Abstract

In 1992, Vaillancourt and Weeden discovered a very important mutation for studying cowpea evolution and domestication. A loss of a BamHI restriction site in chloroplast DNA characterized all domesticated accessions and a few wild (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata var. spontanea) accessions. In order to screen a larger number of accessions, primers were designed to check this mutation using PCR RFLP or direct PCR methods. Using these new primers, 54 domesticated cowpea accessions and 130 accessions from the wild progenitor were screened. The absence of haplotype 0 was confirmed within domesticated accessions, including primitive landraces from cultivar-groups Biflora and Textilis, suggesting that this mutation occurred prior to domestication. However, 40 var. spontanea accessions distributed from Senegal to Tanzania and South Africa showed haplotype 1. Whereas this marker could not be used to identify a precise center of origin, it did highlight the widely distributed cowpea crop-weed complex. Its very high frequency in West Africa could be interpreted as a result of either genetic swamping of the wild/weedy gene pool by the domesticated cowpea gene pool or as the result of domestication by ethnic groups focusing primarily on cowpea as fodder.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences/MS1, Section of Crop and Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616–8780, USA

    Y. Feleke & P. Gepts

  2. IRD (Département Ressources Vivantes),  , 209–213 Rue La Fayette, 75480, Paris Cedex 10, France

    R. S. Pasquet

  3. ICIPE, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya

    Y. Feleke & R. S. Pasquet

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  1. Y. Feleke
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Correspondence to P. Gepts.

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Feleke, Y., Pasquet, R.S. & Gepts, P. Development of PCR-based chloroplast DNA markers that characterize domesticated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculata var. unguiculata) and highlight its crop-weed complex. Plant Syst. Evol. 262, 75–87 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-006-0475-0

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