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Electrochemical creatinine sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer and a Ni@polyaniline nanocomposite

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Abstract

The article describes an electrochemical creatinine sensor that is based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) and a composite consisting of nickel nanoparticles and polyaniline that was prepared by electropolymerization. Aniline and methacrylic acid were used as the bifunctional monomers, and creatinine was used as the template molecule. Electrochemical deposition was performed via cyclic voltammetry in the potential range from −0.3 V to 1.2 V and at a scan rate of 50 mV·s-1 over 20 cycles. The Ni@PANI NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The Ni@PANI-modified GCE was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, the sensor displays a linear response to creatinine in the 40 to 800 nM concentration range, with a 0.2 nM detection limit. The method was successfully applied to the detection of creatinine in urine mimic and in spiked urine samples.

Schematic of the preparation and function of an electrochemical sensor for creatinine. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP), nickel nanoparticles and polyaniline. The MMIP can specifically recognize creatinine to which it responds in the 40 to 800 nM concentration range.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the Two-Way Support Programs of Sichuan Agricultural University (Proect No. 03570113), the Education Department of Sichuan Provincial, PR China (Grant No. 16ZA0039). We thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, People’s Republic of China

    Hanbing Rao, Zhiwei Lu, Hongwei Ge, Xin Liu, Ping Zou, Xianxiang Wang & Yanying Wang

  2. Animal Genetics and Breeding Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Ya’An, 625014, People’s Republic of China

    Hua He

  3. College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014, People’s Republic of China

    Xianyin Zeng

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  1. Hanbing Rao
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  2. Zhiwei Lu
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  3. Hongwei Ge
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  4. Xin Liu
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  5. Bingyao Chen
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  7. Xianxiang Wang
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  8. Hua He
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Correspondence to Yanying Wang.

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The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.

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Hanbing Rao and Zhiwei contributed equally to this work.

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Rao, H., Lu, Z., Ge, H. et al. Electrochemical creatinine sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer and a Ni@polyaniline nanocomposite. Microchim Acta 184, 261–269 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1998-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1998-x

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