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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of phenolic compounds using solidified floating organic droplets, and their determination by HPLC

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Abstract

We have developed a simple and efficient method for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of 4-nitrophenol, 2-naphthol and bisphenol A in real water samples. It is making use of solidified floating organic droplets of 1-dodecanol which has low density and a proper melting point. The type and volume of extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, the effect of salts, pH value and extraction time were optimized and resulted in enrichment factors of 84 for 4-nitrophenol, 123 for 2-naphthol, and 97 for bisphenol A. The limits of detection by HPLC are 1.50, 0.10 and 1.02 ng · mL−1, respectively. Excellent linearity is observed in the concentration range from 10 to 800 ng · mL−1, with coefficients of correlation ranging from 0.9988 to 0.9999. The relative standard deviations (for n = 5) are from 3.2 to 5.3 %, and relative recoveries for the three phenols in tap, river and spring water range from 85.0 to 105.0 %, 98.3 to 110.0 %, and 98.6 to 109.0 %, respectively.

Chromatograms of river water blank (b) and spiked river water (a, 500 ng ∙ mL−1) analyzed with DLLME-SFO-HPLC. Peak identification: (1) p-nitrophenol; (2) 2-naphthol; (3) bisphenol A. Liquid-liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) has a high enrichment factor (84, 123and 97), acceptable relative recovery (85.0 %–110.0 %), good repeatability (5.27 %, 3.54 % and 3.16 %) and a wide linear range (10–800 ng · mL−1) for the determination of p-nitrophenol, 2-naphthol and bisphenol A.

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Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21176262) and Key Laboratory of Resources Chemistry of Nonferrous Metals, Ministry of Education (Central South University).

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  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Fang Hou, Ting Deng & Xinyu Jiang

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  1. Fang Hou
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  2. Ting Deng
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  3. Xinyu Jiang
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Correspondence to Xinyu Jiang.

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Hou, F., Deng, T. & Jiang, X. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of phenolic compounds using solidified floating organic droplets, and their determination by HPLC. Microchim Acta 180, 341–346 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-012-0937-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-012-0937-8

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