Abstract
Deep underground rock tunnels and caverns in mountainous areas are often subjected to the coupling impacts of high geo-stresses and high-ground temperature that can threaten the stability of rock masses. This paper presents an experimental study of strength, deformation, and failure as well as energy evolution characteristics for rockburst potential evaluation of granite under the influence of coupled high confining pressure and ground temperature using a series of triaxial compression tests with samples drilled from a borehole about 1000 m in the depth of a mountain tunnel in Tibet area. Three representative confining pressures (20, 40, and 60 MPa) and four typical temperatures (30, 60, 90, and 120 ℃) around the engineering range were inspected according to the previous tunnel site investigations. The strength and deformability of the granite samples were analyzed under the influence of coupled high confining pressure and temperature. An energy storage index is introduced to discuss rockburst potential of the granite under thermal–mechanical coupled conditions. It is found that high-ground temperature leads to degradation of mechanical properties of the granite samples, while high pressure increases its strength and deformability. In addition, the high pressure and ground temperature couplings increase both the energy storage capacity and rockburst potential, with 60–90 ℃ being the strengthening range. The findings are beneficial to understanding the behavior of surrounding rock masses, the evaluation of its stability, and rockburst potential for deep underground tunnels in areas with high in-situ stress and ground temperature.
Highlights
-
Mechanical and energy evolution behaviors of granite were reported under thermal-mechanical coupled conditions.
-
Rockburst potential of granite under thermal-mechanical coupled conditions was evaluated by an energy index.
-
Granite strength decreased with increasing temperature with 60–90 ℃ being the strengthening range of rock potential.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- \(m_{0}\) :
-
Mass
- D, \(L\) :
-
Diameter and length of the sample
- \(\rho_{0}\) :
-
Density of sample
- \(V_{P}\) :
-
P-wave velocity in the natural state
- \(\sigma_{3}\),\(P_{C}\) :
-
Minimum principal stress, confining pressure
- \(q\),\(\sigma_{1} - \sigma_{3}\) :
-
Deviatoric stress
- \(q_{T}\) :
-
Peak strength of the deviatoric stress at temperature T
- \(E\) :
-
Elastic modulus
- \(E_{L}\) :
-
Loading modulus
- \(E_{U}\) :
-
Unloading modulus
- \(\varepsilon_{1}\) :
-
Axial strain
- \(\varepsilon_{1}^{{{\text{peak}}}}\) :
-
Axial peak strain
- \(\varepsilon_{3}\) :
-
Radial strain
- \(\varepsilon_{{\text{v}}}\) :
-
Volumetric strain
- \(T\) :
-
Temperature
- \(c\) :
-
Cohesion
- \(\varphi\) :
-
Internal friction angle
- \(\tau\) :
-
Shear stress
- \(\sigma_{{\text{n}}}\) :
-
Normal stress
- \(U^{0}\) :
-
Total energy absorbed by the rock
- \(U^{{\text{d}}}\) :
-
Energy dissipated by the rock during loading
- \(U^{{\text{e}}}\) :
-
Elastic energy accumulated in the rock
- \(W_{{{\text{et}}}}\) :
-
Elastic deformation energy index
- \(\delta\) :
-
Energy storage capacity index
- \(\eta\) :
-
Strength degradation coefficient caused by temperature
- \(\Psi ,\xi ,{\rm K},\alpha\) :
-
Material parameters
- \(\lambda ,\beta\) :
-
Fitting coefficients
- \(\omega\) :
-
Failure angle
- UCS:
-
Uniaxial compressive strength
References
Akdag S, Karakus M, Taheri A, Nguyen G, He MC (2018) Effects of thermal damage on strain burst mechanism for brittle rocks under true-triaxial loading conditions. Rock Mech Rock Eng 51(6):1657–1682
Chen SW, Yang CH, Wang GB (2017a) Evolution of thermal damage and permeability of Beishan granite. Appl Therm Eng 110:1533–1542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.075
Chen YL, Wang SR, Ni J, Azzam R, Fernandez-Steeger TM (2017b) An experimental study of the mechanical properties of granite after high temperature exposure based on mineral characteristics. Eng Geol 220:234–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.02.010
Chen GQ, Li TB, Li GM, Qin CA, He YH (2018) Influence of temperature on the brittle failure of granite in deep tunnels determined from triaxial unloading tests. Eur J Environ Civil Eng 22:s269–s285. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2017.1369461
Dwivedi RD, Goel RK, Prasad VVR, Amalendu Sinha (2008) Thermo-mechanical properties of Indian and other granites. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 45(3):303–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2007.05.008
Fairhurst CE, Hudson JA (1999) Draft ISRM suggested method for the complete stress-strain curve for the intact rock in uniaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36:279–289
Fang XS, Bi YS (1987) Rock mechanics. Geological Publishing House, Beijing
Feng GL, Feng XT, Chen BR, Xiao YX, Liu GF, Zhang W et al (2020) Characteristics of microseismicity during breakthrough in deep tunnels: case study of Jinping-II hydropower station in China. Int J Geomech. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001574
Gautam PK, Verma AK, Jha MK, Sharma P, Singh TN (2018) Effect of high temperature on physical and mechanical properties of Jalore granite. J Appl Geophys 159:460–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2018.07.018
Gong F, Zhang P, Luo S, Li J, Huang D (2021) Theoretical damage characterisation and damage evolution process of intact rocks based on linear energy dissipation law under uniaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104858
Grigoli F, Cesca S, Rinaldi AP, Manconi A, Lopez-Comino JA, Clinton JF et al (2018) The november 2017 M-w 5.5 Pohang earthquake: a possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea. Science 360(6392):1003–1006. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat2010
Gu B, Wan ZJ, Zhang Y, Ma YS, Xu XB (2020) Influence of real-time heating on mechanical behaviours of rocks. Adv Civil Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8879922
Hoek E, Brown ET (1997) Practical estimates of rock mass strength (Article). Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci 34(8):1165–1186. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0148-9062(97)00305-7
Homand-Etienne F, Houpert R (1989) Thermally induced microcracking in granites: characterization and analysis. Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci Geomech Abstr 26(2):125–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(89)90001-6
Hu J, Xie H, Sun Q, Li C, Liu G (2021) Changes in the thermodynamic properties of alkaline granite after cyclic quenching following high temperature action. Int J Mining Sci Technol 31(5):843–852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2021.07.010
Huang Z, Zeng W, Gu QX, Wu Y, Zhong W, Zhao K (2021) Investigations of variations in physical and mechanical properties of granite, sandstone, and marble after temperature and acid solution treatments. Constr Build Mater. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124943
Inserra C, Biwa S, Chen YQ (2013) Influence of thermal damage on linear and nonlinear acoustic properties of granite. Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci 62:96–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.05.001
Kumari WGP, Ranjith PG, Perera MSA, Shao S, Chen BK, Lashin A et al (2017) Mechanical behaviour of australian strathbogie granite under in-situ stress and temperature conditions: an application to geothermal energy extraction. Geothermics 65:44–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2016.07.002
Leroy MNL, Marius FW, Francois N (2021) Experimental and theoretical investigations of hard rocks at high temperature: applications in civil engineering. Adv Civil Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8893944
Li P, Rao QH, Li Z, Jing J (2014) Thermal-hydro-mechanical coupling stress intensity factor of brittle rock. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 24(2):499–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(14)63088-0
Li M, Zhang JX, Zhou N, Huang YL (2017) Effect of particle size on the energy evolution of crushed waste rock in coal mines. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50(5):1347–1354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1151-5
Liu ZB, Shao JF (2017) Strength behavior, creep failure and permeability change of a tight marble under triaxial compression. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50(3):529–541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1134-6
Liu S, Xu JY (2015) An experimental study on the physico-mechanical properties of two post-high-temperature rocks. Eng Geol 185:63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.11.013
Liu NF, Li N, Liu JP, Yao XC, Guo XG (2013a) Mechanical characteristics of high-temperature tunnel based on analytical method. Paper presented at the Rock Characterisation, Modelling and Engineering Design Methods, Shanghai, China
Liu ZB, Shao JF, Xu WY, Meng YD (2013b) Prediction of rock burst classification using the technique of cloud models with attribution weight (Article). Nat Hazards 68(2):549–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0635-9
Liu XS, Ning JG, Tan YL, Gu QH (2016) Damage constitutive model based on energy dissipation for intact rock subjected to cyclic loading. Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci 85:27–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.03.003
Liu Y, Dai F, Dong L, Xu NW, Feng P (2018) Experimental investigation on the fatigue mechanical properties of intermittently jointed rock models under cyclic uniaxial compression with different loading parameters. Rock Mech Rock Eng 51(1):47–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1327-7
Liu ZB, Shao JF, Xie SY, Conil N, Talandier J (2019) Mechanical behavior of claystone in lateral decompression test and thermal effect. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52(2):321–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1573-3
Lu C, Sun Q, Zhang WQ, Geng JS, Qi YM, Lu LL (2017) The effect of high temperature on tensile strength of sandstone. Appl Therm Eng 111:573–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.151
Ma X, Wang GL, Hu DW, Liu YG, Zhou H, Liu F (2020) Mechanical properties of granite under real-time high temperature and three-dimensional stress. Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104521
Masri M, Sibai M, Shao JF, Mainguy M (2014) Experimental investigation of the effect of temperature on the mechanical behavior of Tournemire shale. Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci 70:185–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.05.007
Menaceur H, Delage P, Tang AM, Conil N (2016) On the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of a sheared callovo-oxfordian claystone sample with respect to the EDZ behaviour. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(5):1875–1888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0897-5
Meng W, He C (2020) Back analysis of the initial geo-stress field of rock masses in high geo-temperature and high geo-stress. Energies. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020363
Meng QB, Zhang MW, Han LJ, Pu H, Chen YL (2018) Acoustic emission characteristics of red sandstone specimens under uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading compression. Rock Mech Rock Eng 51(4):969–988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1389-6
Meng Q-B, Liu J-F, Huang B-X, Pu H, Wu J-Y, Zhang Z-Z (2021) Effects of confining pressure and temperature on the energy evolution of rocks under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading conditions. Rock Mech Rock Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02690-x
Meng FD, Li YB, Zhai Y, Li Y, Zhao RF, Zhang YS (2022) Study on the effect of sandstone microscopic damage and dynamic compressive properties after heat treatment. Rock Mech Rock Eng 55(3):1271–1283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02733-3
Miao ST, Pan PZ, Yu PY, Zhao SK, Shao CY (2020) Fracture analysis of Beishan granite after high-temperature treatment using digital image correlation. Eng Fract Mech. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106847
Miao ST, Pan PZ, Zhao XG, Shao CY, Yu PY (2021) Experimental study on damage and fracture characteristics of Beishan granite subjected to high-temperature treatment with DIC and AE techniques. Rock Mech Rock Eng 54(2):721–743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02271-4
Mohajerani M, Delage P, Sulem J, Monfared M, Tang AM, Gatmiri B (2014) The thermal volume changes of the callovo-oxfordian claystone. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47(1):131–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0369-8
Najari M, Selvadurai APS (2014) Thermo-hydro-mechanical response of granite to temperature changes. Environ Earth Sci 72(1):189–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2945-3
Nguyen TS, Selvadurai APS (1995) COUPLED THERMAL-MECHANICAL-HYDROLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF SPARSELY FRACTURED ROCK - IMPLICATIONS FOR NUCLEAR-FUEL WASTE-DISPOSAL. Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci Geomech Abstr 32(5):465–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(95)00036-g
Niu WJ, Feng XT, Xiao YX, Feng GL, Yao ZB, Hu L (2021) Identification of potential high-stress hazards in deep-buried hard rock tunnel based on microseismic information: a case study. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80(2):1265–1285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01973-x
Ranjith PG, Viete DR, Chen BJ, Perera MSA (2012) Transformation plasticity and the effect of temperature on the mechanical behaviour of Hawkesbury sandstone at atmospheric pressure. Eng Geol 151:120–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.09.007
Rao QH, Wang Z, Xie HF, Xie Q (2007) Experimental study of mechanical properties of sandstone at high temperature. J Central South Univ Technol 14:478–483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-007-0311-x
Rong G, Peng J, Cai M, Yao MD, Zhou CB, Sha S (2018) Experimental investigation of thermal cycling effect on physical and mechanical properties of bedrocks in geothermal fields. Appl Therm Eng 141:174–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.05.126
Rong G, Sha S, Li B, Chen Z, Zhang Z (2021) Experimental investigation on physical and mechanical properties of granite subjected to cyclic heating and liquid nitrogen cooling. Rock Mech Rock Eng 54(5):2383–2403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02390-6
Selvadurai APS, Najari M (2017) The thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of the argillaceous Cobourg limestone. J Geophys Res-Solid Earth 122(6):4157–4171. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jb013744
Selvadurai APS, Niya SMR (2020) Effective thermal conductivity of an intact heterogeneous limestone. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 12(4):682–692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.04.001
Selvadurai A, Suvorov A (2017) Thermo-poroelasticity and geomechanics. Cambridge University Press
Shao SS, Ranjith PG, Wasantha PLP, Chen BK (2015) Experimental and numerical studies on the mechanical behaviour of Australian Strathbogie granite at high temperatures: an application to geothermal energy. Geothermics 54:96–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.11.005
Su GS, Chen ZY, Ju JW, Jiang JQ (2017) Influence of temperature on the strainburst characteristics of granite under true triaxial loading conditions. Eng Geol 222:38–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.03.021
Tian H, Ziegler M, Kempka T (2014) Physical and mechanical behavior of claystone exposed to temperatures up to 1000 degrees C. Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci 70:144–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.04.014
Torabi A, Zarifi Z (2014) Energy release rate of propagating deformation bands and their hosted cracks. Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci 67:184–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.10.007
Vishal V, Pradhan SP, Singh TN (2011) Tensile strength of rock under elevated temperatures. Geotech Geol Eng 29(6):1127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9440-y
Wang F, Konietzky H (2019) Thermo-mechanical properties of granite at elevated temperatures and numerical simulation of thermal cracking. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52(10):3737–3755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01837-1
Wang CP, Chen L, Liu JF, Liu J (2015) Experimental characterisation of thermo-mechanical coupling properties of Beishan granite. Eur J Environ Civil Eng 19:S29–S42. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2015.1064618
Wang P, Xu JY, Fang XY, Wang PX (2017) Energy dissipation and damage evolution analyses for the dynamic compression failure process of red-sandstone after freeze-thaw cycles. Eng Geol 221:104–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.02.025
Wang ZL, He AL, Shi GY, Mei GX (2018) Temperature effect on AE energy characteristics and damage mechanical behaviors of granite. Int J Geomech. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0001094
Wang C, He B, Hou X, Li J, Liu L (2020a) Stress-energy mechanism for rock failure evolution based on damage mechanics in hard rock. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53(3):1021–1037. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01953-y
Wang F, Konietzky H, Fruehwirt T, Dai YJ (2020b) Laboratory testing and numerical simulation of properties and thermal-induced cracking of Eibenstock granite at elevated temperatures. Acta Geotech 15(8):2259–2275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-00926-8
Wang Y, Feng WK, Li CH (2020c) On anisotropic fracture and energy evolution of marble subjected to triaxial fatigue cyclic-confining pressure unloading conditions. Int J Fatigue. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105524
Wang Y, Sun J, Liang Z, Huang S, Wang Y (2021a) Experimental study on the mechanical properties of triaxial compression of white sandstone under the coupling action of chemical corrosion and temperature. IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 692:042009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/692/4/042009
Wang Y, Yi YF, Li CH, Han JQ (2021b) Anisotropic fracture and energy characteristics of a Tibet marble exposed to multi-level constant-amplitude (MLCA) cyclic loads: a lab-scale testing. Eng Fract Mech. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2021.107550
Wang C, Liu Z, Zhou H, Wang K, Shen W (2022a) A novel true triaxial test device with a high-temperature module for thermal-mechanical property characterization of hard rocks. Eur J Environ Civil Eng. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2022.2092214
Wang XP, Wang LH, Zhao BY, Wu YJ, Yang JS, Sun JC (2022b) Experimental study on mechanical properties of gas storage sandstone and its damage under temperature and pressure. Front Earth Sci. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.905642
Xiao F, Jiang D, Wu F, Zou Q, Chen J, Chen B et al (2021a) Effects of high temperature on the mechanical behaviors of sandstone under true-triaxial unloading conditions. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80(6):4587–4601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02205-6
Xiao F, Jiang DY, Wu F, Zou QL, Chen J, Chen B et al (2021b) Effects of high temperature on the mechanical behaviors of sandstone under true-triaxial unloading conditions. Bull Eng Geol Environ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02205-6
Yan J, He C, Wang B, Meng W, Wu FY (2019a) Inocunlation and characters of rockbursts in extra-long and deep-lying tunnels located on Yarlung Zangbo Suture. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 38(04):769–781
Yan J, He C, Zeng YH, Wang B, Zhang JB (2019b) Cooling technology and effect analysis for high geothermal tunnel on Sichuan-Tibet railway. China Railw Sci 40(05):53–62
Yang HT, Xu J, Wang L, Nie M, Ren HN (2013) Experimental study on temperature effect of the mechanical properties of granite. Chin J Undergr Space Eng 9(01):96–101
Yang SQ, Ranjith PG, Jing HW, Tian WL, Ju Y (2017) An experimental investigation on thermal damage and failure mechanical behavior of granite after exposure to different high temperature treatments. Geothermics 65:180–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2016.09.008
Yang SQ, Tian WL, Elsworth D, Wang JG, Fan LF (2020) An experimental study of effect of high temperature on the permeability evolution and failure response of granite under triaxial compression. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53(10):4403–4427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01982-7
Yang SQ, Tian WL, Dong JP (2021) Experimental study on failure mechanical properties of granite with two grain sizes after thermal treatment. Chin J Geotech Eng 43(02):281–289
Yavuz H, Demirdag S, Caran S (2010) Thermal effect on the physical properties of carbonate rocks. Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci 47(1):94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2009.09.014
Yin TB, Bai L, Li X, Li XB, Zhang SS (2018) Effect of thermal treatment on the mode I fracture toughness of granite under dynamic and static coupling load. Eng Fract Mech 199:143–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.05.035
Yin Q, Liu RC, Jing HW, Su HJ, Yu LY, He LX (2019) Experimental study of nonlinear flow behaviors through fractured rock samples after high-temperature exposure. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52(9):2963–2983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-1741-0
Yin WT, Zhao YS, Feng ZJ (2020) Experimental research on permeability of fractured-subsequently-filled granite under high temperature and triaxial stresses. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 39(11):2234–2243. https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.0491
Yin W, Feng Z, Zhao Y (2021) Effect of grain size on the mechanical behaviour of granite under high temperature and triaxial stresses. Rock Mech Rock Eng 54(2):745–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02303-z
Yu P, Pan P-Z, Feng G, Wu Z, Zhao S (2020) Physico-mechanical properties of granite after cyclic thermal shock. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 12(4):693–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.03.001
Zhang ZZ, Gao F (2015) Confining pressure effect on rock energy Chinese. J Rock Mech Eng 34(01):1–11
Zhang ZZ, Gao F, Liu ZJ (2010) Research on rockburst proneness and its microcosmic mechanism of granite considering temperature effect. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 29(08):1591–1602
Zhang ZZ, Gao F, XU, X. L. (2011) Experimental study of temperature effect of mechanical properties of granite. Rock Soil Mech 32(08):2346–2352
Zhang F, Hu DW, Xie SY, Shao JF (2014) Influences of temperature and water content on mechanical property of argillite. Eur J Environ Civil Eng 18(2):173–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2013.852485
Zhang WQ, Sun Q, Hao SQ, Geng JS, Lv C (2016) Experimental study on the variation of physical and mechanical properties of rock after high temperature treatment. Appl Therm Eng 98:1297–1304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.010
Zhang CL, Conil N, Armand G (2017a) Thermal effects on clay rocks for deep disposal of high-level radioactive waste. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 9(3):463–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.08.006
Zhang MW, Meng QB, Liu SD (2017b) Energy evolution characteristics and distribution laws of rock materials under triaxial cyclic loading and unloading compression. Adv Mater Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5471571
Zhang YL, Sun Q, He H, Cao LW, Zhang WQ, Wang B (2017c) Pore characteristics and mechanical properties of sandstone under the influence of temperature. Appl Therm Eng 113:537–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.11.061
Zhang F, Zhao JJ, Hu DW, Skoczylas F, Shao JF (2018a) Laboratory investigation on physical and mechanical properties of granite after heating and water-cooling treatment. Rock Mech Rock Eng 51(3):677–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1350-8
Zhang W, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Xue L, Kong F (2018b) Porosity and wave velocity evolution of granite after high-temperature treatment: a review. Environ Earth Sci 77(9):350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7514-3
Zhang Y, Zhang F, Yang K, Cai Z (2022) Effects of real-time high temperature and loading rate on deformation and strength behavior of granite. Geofluids 2022:9426378. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9426378
Zhao ZH (2016) Thermal influence on mechanical properties of granite: a microcracking perspective. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(3):747–762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0767-1
Zhao YS, Wan ZJ, Feng ZJ, Xu ZH, Liang WG (2017) Evolution of mechanical properties of granite at high temperature and high pressure. Geomech Geophys Geo-Energy Geo-Resources 3(2):199–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-017-0052-8
Zhou J, Li XB, Mitri HS (2018) Evaluation method of rockburst: State-of-the-art literature review. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 81:632–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.08.029
Zhou YQ, Sheng Q, Li NN, Fu XD (2020) The influence of strain rate on the energy characteristics and damage evolution of rock materials under dynamic uniaxial compression. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53(8):3823–3834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02128-w
Zhu SY, Zhang WQ, Sun Q, Deng S, Geng JS, Li CM (2017) Thermally induced variation of primary wave velocity in granite from Yantai: experimental and modeling results. Int J Therm Sci 114:320–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2017.01.008
Acknowledgements
Supports from the National RD Program of China (no.2021YFB2301304) and Natural Science Foundation of China (52278333), and the Research Project of China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd (no.19-15 and no.20-17-1) are acknowledged. The work is partially supported by the 111 Project (B17009) and under the framework of the Sino-Franco Joint Research Laboratory on Multiphysics and Multiscale Rock mechanics.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Z., Wang, H., Li, Y. et al. Triaxial Compressive Strength, Failure, and Rockburst Potential of Granite Under High-Stress and Ground-Temperature Coupled Conditions. Rock Mech Rock Eng 56, 911–932 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03066-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03066-5