Skip to main content
Log in

The Use of Infrared Thermography for Porosity Assessment of Intact Rock

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Preliminary results on a new test for the indirect assessment of porosity through infrared thermography are presented. The study of the cooling behavior of rock samples in laboratory, through the analysis of thermograms, proved an innovative tool for the estimation of such an important property, which is one of the main features affecting the mechanical behavior of rocks. A detailed experimentation was performed on artificially heated volcanic rock samples characterized by different porosity values. The cooling trend was described both graphically and numerically, with the help of cooling curves and Cooling Rate Index. The latter, which proved strictly linked to porosity, was employed to find reliable equations for its indirect estimation. Simple and multiple regression analyses returned satisfactory outcomes, highlighting the great match between predicted and measured porosity values, thus confirming the goodness of the proposed model. This study brings a novelty in rock mechanics, laying the foundation for future researches aimed at refining achieved results for the validation of the model in a larger scale.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Harthi AA, Al-Hamri RM, Shehata WM (1999) The porosity and engineering properties of vesicular basalt in Saudi Arabia. Eng Geol 54:313–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avdelidis NP, Moropoulou A (2004) Applications of infrared thermography for the investigation of historic structures. J Cult Herit 5:119–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baroň I, Bečkovský D, Míča L (2014) Application of infrared thermography for mapping open fractures in deep-seated rockslides and unstable cliffs. Landslides 11:15–27. doi:10.1007/s10346-012-0367-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barone G, Mazzoleni P, Pappalardo G, Raneri S (2015) Microtextural and microstructural influence on the changes of physical and mechanical proprieties related to salts crystallization weathering in natural building stones. The example of Sabucina stone (Sicily). Constr Build Mater 95:355–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baud P, Wong T, Zhu W (2014) Effects of porosity and crack density on the compressive strength of rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 67:202–211

    Google Scholar 

  • De La Beche HT, Broderip WJ (1972) Researches in theoretical geology. C. Knight, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Dearman WR, Baynes FJ, Irfan TY (1978) Engineering grading of weathered granite. Eng Geol 12:345–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Benedetto C, Cappelletti P, Favaro M, Graziano SF, Langella A, Calcaterra D, Colella A (2015) Porosity as key factor in the durability of two historical building stones: Neapolitan Yellow Tuff and Vicenza Stone. Eng Geol 193:310–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn DE, La Fountain LJ, Jackson RE (1973) Porosity dependence and mechanism of brittle fracture in sandstone. J Geophys Res 78(14):2403–2417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EN 1926 (1999) Natural stone test methods—determination of compressive strength. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  • EN 1936 (1999) Natural stone test methods—determination of real density and apparent density, and of total open porosity. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels

    Google Scholar 

  • Gigli G, Frodella W, Garfagnoli F, Morelli S, Mugnai F, Menna F, Casagli N (2014) 3-D geomechanical rock mass characterization for the evaluation of rockslide susceptibility scenarios. Landslides 11:131–140. doi:10.1007/s10346-013-0424-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ISRM (2007) The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974–2006. In: Ulusay R, Hudson JA (eds) Suggested methods prepared by the commission on testing methods, International Society for Rock Mechanics, Compilation arranged by the ISRM Turkish National Group, Kozan Ofset, Ankara, Turkey

  • Le Maitre RW (1989) A classification of igneous rocks and glossary of terms. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee J-S, Yoon H-K (2014) Porosity estimation based on seismic wave velocity at shallow depths. J Appl Geophys 105:185–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meola C (2007) Infrared thermography of masonry structures. Infrared Phys Technol 49:228–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mineo S, Pappalardo G, Rapisarda F, Cubito A, Di Maria G (2015a) Integrated geostructural, seismic and infrared thermography surveys for the study of an unstable rock slope in the Peloritani Chain (NE Sicily). Eng Geol 195:225–235. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.06.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mineo S, Calcaterra D, Perriello Zampelli S, Pappalardo G (2015b) Application of infrared thermography for the survey of intensely jointed rock slopes. Rend Online Soc Geol It 35:212–215. doi:10.3301/ROL.2015.103

    Google Scholar 

  • Palchik V, Hatzor YH (2004) The influence of porosity on tensile and compressive strength of porous chalks. Rock Mech Rock Eng 37(4):331–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pappalardo G (2015) Correlation between P-wave velocity and physical–mechanical properties of intensely jointed dolostones, Peloritani mounts, NE Sicily. Rock Mech Rock Eng 48:1711–1721. doi:10.1007/s00603-014-0607-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pappalardo G, Mineo S, Marchese G (2013) Effects of cubical specimen sizing on the uniaxial compressive strength of Etna volcanic rocks (Italy). Ital J Eng Geol Environ 2:45–54. doi:10.4408/IJEGE.2013-02.O-03

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappalardo G, Punturo R, Mineo S, Ortolano G, Castelli F (2016a) Engineering geological and petrographic characterization of migmatites belonging to the Calabria-Peloritani Orogen (Southern Italy). Rock Mech Rock Eng 49:1143–1160. doi:10.1007/s00603-015-0808-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pappalardo G, Mineo S, Perriello Zampelli S, Cubito A, Calcaterra D (2016b) InfraRed thermography proposed for the estimation of the Cooling Rate Index in the remote survey of rock masses. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 83:182–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Shannon HR, Sigda JM, Van Dam RL, Handrickx JMH, McLemore VT (2005) Thermal camera imaging of rock piles at the Questa Molybdenum Mine, Questa, New Mexico. In: Proceedings of the “2005 National meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation,” June 19–23, 2005. ASMR, pp 1015–1028

  • Sousa LMO, Suarez del Rıo LM, Callejab L, Ruiz de Argandona VG, Rey AR (2005) Influence of microfractures and porosity on the physico-mechanical properties and weathering of ornamental granites. Eng Geol 77:153–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Squarzoni C, Galgaro A, Teza G, Acosta CAT, Pernito MA, Bucceri N (2008) Terrestrial laser scanner and infrared thermography in rock fall prone slope analysis. Geophysical Research Abstracts 10, EGU2008-A-09254, EGU General Assembly 2008

  • Tanguy JC, Condomines M, Kieffer G (1997) Evolution of the Mount Etna magma: constraints on the present feeding system and eruptive mechanism. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 75:221–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teza G, Marcato G, Castelli E, Galgaro A (2012) IRTROCK: a MATLAB toolbox for contactless recognition of surface and shallow weakness of a rock cliff by infrared thermography. Comput Geosci 45:109–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tugrul A (2004) The effect of weathering on pore geometry and compressive strength of selected rock types from Turkey. Eng Geol 75:215–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tugrul A, Gurpinar O (1997) A proposed weathering classification for basalts and their engineering properties (Turkey). Bull Int Assoc Eng Geol 55:139–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors are pleased to thank Prof. Giovanni Barla for his expert support during the reviewing phase of this paper. An acknowledgment is also for the two anonymous reviewers, who helped us to improve the quality of this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. Pappalardo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mineo, S., Pappalardo, G. The Use of Infrared Thermography for Porosity Assessment of Intact Rock. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49, 3027–3039 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-0992-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-0992-2

Keywords

Navigation