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Landslide Spreading, Impulse Water Waves and Modelling of the Vajont Rockslide

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Abstract

Landslides can occur in different environments and can interact with or fall into water reservoirs or open sea with different characteristics. The subaerial evolution and the transition from subaerial to subaqueous conditions can strongly control the landslide evolution and the generated impulse waves, and consequently the final hazard zonation. We intend to model the landslide spreading, the impact with the water surface and the generation of the impulse wave under different 2D and 3D conditions and settings. We verify the capabilities of a fully 2D and 3D FEM ALE approach to model and analyse near-field evolution. To this aim we validate the code against 2D laboratory experiments for different Froude number conditions (Fr = 1.4, 3.2). Then the Vajont rockslide (Fr = 0.26–0.75) and the consequent impulse wave are simulated in 2D and 3D. The sliding mass is simulated as an elasto-plastic Mohr–Coulomb material and the lake water as a fully inviscid low compressibility fluid. The rockslide model is validated against field observations, including the total duration, the profile and internal geometry of the final deposit, the maximum water run-up on the opposite valley flank and on the rockslide mass. 2D models are presented for both the case of a dry valley and that of the impounded lake. The set of fully 3D simulations are the first ones available and considering the rockslide evolution, propagation and interaction with the water reservoir. Advantages and disadvantages of the modelling approach are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This study has been partially funded by the EC Safeland Project, GA No.: 226479, Living with landslide risk in Europe: assessment, effects of global change, and risk management strategies. The research was partially funded by a MIUR-PRIN project: Time–Space prediction of high impact landslides under changing precipitation regimes. The Civil Protection Office of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region is thanked for providing the ALTM-Lidar dataset of the Vajont valley. Monica Ghirotti and Michele Sapigni are thanked for their support and helpful discussions.

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

    Giovanni B. Crosta

  2. FEAT, Maaierhof 27, 6418 JL, Heerlen, The Netherlands

    Silvia Imposimato & Dennis Roddeman

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Crosta, G.B., Imposimato, S. & Roddeman, D. Landslide Spreading, Impulse Water Waves and Modelling of the Vajont Rockslide. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49, 2413–2436 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0769-z

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