Abstract
Purpose
To demonstrate the reality of a transverse plane pattern independent of the scoliotic curve location and to show the importance of the transverse plane pattern in the assessment of the progression risk in a population of mild scoliosis.
Methods
Spines of 111 patients with adolescent idiopathic mild scoliosis were reconstructed using biplanar stereoradiography. The apical axial rotation, the intervertebral axial rotation at junctions and the torsion index were computed. Mean values of each parameter were compared between thoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbar curves. Then a cluster analysis was performed using these parameters on 78 patients with effective outcomes at skeletal maturity. The effective outcomes and the results reached with the statistical analysis were compared and analyzed (ROC and logistic regression).
Results
No statistical difference was observed when considering each parameter between the different types of curves. Two clusters independent of the curve type were identified. The mean values of transverse plane parameters were significantly higher in Cluster 1 than in Cluster 2. 91 % of patients classified in Cluster 1 had progressive curve and 73 % of patients classified in Cluster 2 remained stable at skeletal maturity. All parameters were good predictors but the best was the torsion index.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that a transverse plane pattern combining apical axial rotation, the intervertebral axial rotation at junctions and the torsion index is independent of the scoliotic curve location and significant in the determination of the progression risk of mild scoliosis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Duval-Beaupere G (1996) Threshold values for supine and standing Cobb angles and rib hump measurements: prognostic factors for scoliosis. Eur Spine J 5:79–84
Duval-Beaupere G, Lamireau T (1985) Scoliosis at less than 30 degrees. Properties of the evolutivity (risk of progression). Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 10:421–424
Perdriolle R, Vidal J (1981) A study of scoliotic curve. The importance of extension and vertebral rotation (author’s transl). Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 67:25–34
Vrtovec T, Pernus F, Likar B (2009) A review of methods for quantitative evaluation of axial vertebral rotation. Eur Spine J 18:1079–1090
Vrtovec T, Pernus F, Likar B (2010) Determination of axial vertebral rotation in MR images: comparison of four manual and a computerized method. Eur Spine J 19:774–781
Stokes IA, Sangole AP, Aubin CE (2009) Classification of scoliosis deformity three-dimensional spinal shape by cluster analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34:584–590
Sangole AP, Aubin CE, Labelle H, Stokes IA, Lenke LG, Jackson R, Newton P (2009) Three-dimensional classification of thoracic scoliotic curves. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34:91–99
Duong L, Cheriet F, Labelle H (2006) Three-dimensional classification of spinal deformities using fuzzy clustering. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31:923–930
Steib JP, Dumas R, Mitton D, Skalli W (2004) Surgical correction of scoliosis by in situ contouring: a detorsion analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 29:193–199
Kalifa G, Charpak Y, Maccia C, Fery-Lemonnier E, Bloch J, Boussard JM, Attal M, Dubousset J, Adamsbaum C (1998) Evaluation of a new low-dose digital x-ray device: first dosimetric and clinical results in children. Pediatr Radiol 28:557–561
Dubousset J, Charpak G, Dorion I, Skalli W, Lavaste F, Deguise J, Kalifa G, Ferey S (2005) A new 2D and 3D imaging approach to musculoskeletal physiology and pathology with low-dose radiation and the standing position: the EOS system. Bull Acad Natl Med 189:287–297; discussion 297–300
Dubousset J, Charpak G, Skalli W, Kalifa G, Lazennec JY (2007) EOS stereo-radiography system: whole-body simultaneous anteroposterior and lateral radiographs with very low radiation dose. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 93:141–143
Humbert L, De Guise JA, Aubert B, Godbout B, Skalli W (2009) 3D reconstruction of the spine from biplanar X-rays using parametric models based on transversal and longitudinal inferences. Med Eng Phys 31:681–687
Humbert L, Carlioz H, Baudoin A, Skalli W, Mitton D (2008) 3D Evaluation of the acetabular coverage assessed by biplanar X-rays or single anteroposterior X-ray compared with CT-scan. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng 11:257–262
Pomero V, Mitton D, Laporte S, de Guise JA, Skalli W (2004) Fast accurate stereoradiographic 3D-reconstruction of the spine using a combined geometric and statistic model. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 19:240–247
Gille O, Champain N, Benchikh-El-Fegoun A, Vital JM, Skalli W (2007) Reliability of 3D reconstruction of the spine of mild scoliotic patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 32:568–573
MacQueen J (1967) Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. In: Proceedings of 5th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, vol 1, pp 281–297
Peterson LE, Nachemson AL (1995) Prediction of progression of the curve in girls who have adolescent idiopathic scoliosis of moderate severity. Logistic regression analysis based on data from The Brace Study of the Scoliosis Research Society. J Bone Joint Surg Am 77:823–827
Duong L, Mac-Thiong JM, Cheriet F, Labelle H (2009) Three-dimensional subclassification of Lenke type 1 scoliotic curves. J Spinal Disord Tech 22:135–143
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Courvoisier, A., Drevelle, X., Dubousset, J. et al. Transverse plane 3D analysis of mild scoliosis. Eur Spine J 22, 2427–2432 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-013-2862-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-013-2862-x