Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Variations of energy biochemical metabolites in periparturient dairy Saanen goats

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Comparative Clinical Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Saanen goat is one of the highest milk-producing goat breeds and has a high reproductive yield. Twelve pregnant dairy Saanen does were selected to study the variations in energy-related blood metabolites during periparturition and to highlight the negative energy balance (NEB) rate during this critical period. Blood from the jugular vein was collected from each doe on days 29, 14 and 6 before the expected kidding time and also 12 h and on days 7, 13, 19, 21, 28, 35 and 42 postpartum. The concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity were determined. Since serum metabolites were measured over time, a repeated measures approach using ANOVA with mixed linear models was used. The results of our study indicated that the changes in BHBA concentrations were between 134 and 375 μmol/l. There was a low number of does with BHBA concentrations above 1,000 μmol/l. However, the number of does with abnormal NEFA concentrations (≥0.6 mmol/l) was high. The NEFA results were in agreement with the increased proportion of does with AST concentrations greater than the cutoff level (≥100 U/l). We conclude that similar to dairy cows, NEB occurs in dairy Saanen goats during the periparturition period. NEFA concentration reflected a NEB better than BHBA in dairy Saanen goats.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Dewachi OS (1999) Some biochemical constituents in the blood serum of pregnant Awassi ewes. Iraqi J Vet Sci 12:275–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Balikci E, Yildiz A, Gurdogan F (2007) Blood metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and postpartum in Akkaraman ewes. Small Ruminant Res 67:247–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balikci E, Yildiz A, Gurdogan F (2009) Investigation on some biochemical and clinical parameters for pregnancy toxemia in Akkaraman ewes. J Anim Vet Adv 8:1268–1273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barakat SEM, Al-bhanasawi NM, Elazhari GE, Bakhiet AO (2007) Clinical and serobiochemical studies on naturally occurring pregnancy toxemia in Shamia goats. J Anim Vet Adv 6:768–772

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barham D, Trinder P (1972) An improved color reagent for the determination of blood glucose by the oxidase system. Analyst 97:142–145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauchart D (1993) Lipid absorption and transport in ruminants. J Dairy Sci 76:3864–3881

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergmeyer HN, Horder M, Rej R (1986) International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) Scientific Committee Analytical Section: approved recommendation on IFCC method for measurement of catalytic concentration of enzyme, part 2: IFCC method for aspartate aminotransferase. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 24:497–510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertics JS, Grummer RR, Cadorniga-Valino C, Stoddard EE (1992) Effect of prepartum dry matter intake on liver triglyceride concentration and early lactation. J Dairy Sci 75:1914

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Busato A, Faissler D, Kupfer U, Blum JW (2002) Body condition scores in dairy cows: association with metabolic and endocrine changes in healthy dairy cows. J Vet Med Ser A 49:455–460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavestany D, Blanch JE, Kulcsar M, Uriarte G, Chilibroste P, Meikle A, Febel H, Ferraris A, Krall E (2005) Studies of the transition cow under a pasture-based milk production system: metabolic profiles. J Vet Med Ser A 52:1–7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charismiadou MA, Bizelis JA, Rogdakis E (2000) Metabolic changes during the perinatal period in dairy sheep in relation to level of nutrition and breed. I. Late pregnancy. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 84:61–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cole TG, Klotzch SG, McNamara J (1997) Measurement of triglyceride concentration. In: Rifai N, Warnick GR, Dominiczak MH (eds) Handbook of lipoprotein testing. AACC Press, Washington, DC, pp 115–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Deeg R, Ziegenhorn J (1983) Kinetic enzymatic method for automated determination of total cholesterol in serum. Clin Chem 29:1798–1802

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeVries GH, Mamunes P, Miller CD, Hayward DM (1976) Quantitative determination of C6:O–C18:3 serum nonesterified fatty acids by gas–liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 70:156–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goff J (2000) Pathophysiology of calcium and phosphorous disorders. Vet Clin N Am Food Anim Pract 16:319–337

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grum DE, Drackly JK, Younker RS, LaCount DW, Veenhuizen JJ (1996) Nutrition during the dry period and hepatic lipid metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 79:1850–1864

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grummer RR (1993) Etiology of lipid-related metabolic disorders in periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 76:3882–3896

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamadeh ME, Bostedt H, Failing K (1996) Concentration of metabolic parameters in the blood of heavily pregnant and nonpregnant ewes. Berl Und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschr 109:81–86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henze P, Bickhardt K, Fuhrmann H (1994) The influences of insulin, cortisol, growth hormone and total oestrogen on the pathogenesis of ketosis in sheep. Dtsch Tierarztliche Wochenschr 101:61–65

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herdt TH (1988a) Fatty liver in dairy cows. Vet Clin N Am Food Anim Pract 4:269–287

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herdt TH (1988b) Fuel homeostasis in the ruminant metabolic diseases of ruminant livestock. Vet Clin N Am Food Anim Pract 4:213–231

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herdt TH (2000) Variability characteristics and test selection in herd level nutrition and metabolic profile test. Vet Clin N Am Food Anim Pract 16:387–403

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herdt TH, Gerloff BJ (2009) Ketosis. In: Anderson DE, Rings DM (eds) Current veterinary therapy food animal practice, 5th edn. Saunders, St. Louis, pp 141–144

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jainudee MR, Hafez ESE (1994) Gestation, prenatal physiology and parturition. In: Hafez ESE (ed) Reproduction in farm animals. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 247–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson AM, Rohlfs EM, Silverman LM (1999) Proteins. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER (eds) Tietz’s textbook of clinical pathology, 3rd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 477–540

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML (2008) Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, 6th edn. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 356–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan A, Bashir M, Ahmad KM, Javed MT, Yayyab KM, Ahmad M (2002) Forecasting neonatal lamb mortality on the basis of haematological and enzymological profiles of Thalli ewes at the pre-lambing stage. Small Ruminant Res 43:149–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LeBlanc SJ (2006) Monitoring programs for transition dairy cows. Proceeding of 26th World Biuatrics Congress, Nice, pp. 460–472

  • Marcos E, Mazur A, Cardot P, Rayssigvier Y (1990) Serum apolipoprotein B and A-1 and naturally occurring fatty liver in dairy cows. Lipids 25:575

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McMurray CH, Blanchflower WJ, Rice DA (1984) Automated kinetic method for D-3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma or serum. Clin Chem 30:421–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moghaddam G, Hassanpour A (2008) Comparison of blood serum glucose, beta hydroxybutyric acid, blood urea nitrogen and calcium concentrations in pregnant and lambed ewes. J Anim Vet Adv 7:308–311

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navarre CB, Pugh DG (2002) Diseases of the gastrointestinal system. In: Pugh DG (ed) Sheep and goat medicine. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 97–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Nazifi S, Saeb M, Ghavami SM (2002) Serum lipid profile in iranian fat-tailed sheep in late pregnancy, at parturition and during the post-parturition period. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med 49:9–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oetzel GR (2004) Monitoring and testing dairy herds for metabolic disease. Vet Clin N Am Food Anim Pract 20:651–674

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pesmen G, Yardimci M (2008) Estimating the live weight using some body measurements in Saanen goats. Arch Zootech 11(4):30–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Pysera B, Opalka A (2000) The effect of gestation of dairy cows on lipid and lipoprotein patterns and composition in serum during winter and summer feeding. J Anim Feed Sci 9:411–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Seifi HA, Gorji-Dooz M, Mohri M, Dalirnaghadeh B, Farzaneh N (2007) Variations of energy-related biochemical metabolites during transition period in dairy cows. Comp Clin Path 16:253–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shetaewi MM, Daghash HA (1994) Effects of pregnancy and lactation on some biochemical components in the blood of Egyptian coarse-wool ewes. Assoc Vet Med J 30:64–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Steen A, Gronstol H, Torjesen PA (1997) Glucose and insulin responses to glucagons injection in dairy cows with ketosis and fatty liver. Zentralbl Vet A 44(521):530

    Google Scholar 

  • Taghipour B, Seifi HA, Mohri M, Farzaneh N, Naserian AA (2011a) Effect of prepartum administration of monensin on metabolism of pregnant ewes. Livest Sci 135:231–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taghipour B, Seifi HA, Mohri M, Farzaneh N, Naserian AA (2011b) Variations of energy related biochemical metabolites during periparturition period in fat-tailed baloochi breed sheep. Iran J Vet Sci Tech 2:85–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Takarkhede RC, Gondane VS, Kolte AY, Rekhate DH (1999) Biochemical profile during different phases of reproduction in ewes in comparison to rams. Indian Vet J 76:205–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Temizel EM, Senturk S, Kasap S (2009) Clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in Saanen goat kids with naturally occurring heat stroke. Tierärztl Prax 37:236–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomas H (1998) Clinical laboratory diagnostics, 1st edn. T H Books Verlagsgesellschaft, Frankfurt, pp 208–214, 644–647

    Google Scholar 

  • Vazquez-Annon M, Bertics S, Luck M, Grummer RR, Pinheiro J (1994) Peripartum liver triglyceride and plasma metabolites in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 77:1521–1528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Z, Goonewardene LA (2004) The use of mixed models in the analysis of animal experiments with repeated measures over time. Can J Anim Sci 84:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson TDG, Burns L, Packard CJ, Shepherd J (1993) Effects of pregnancy and lactation on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, lipoprotein composition and post-heparin lipase activities in Shetland pony mares. J Reprod Fertil 97:563–568

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by research fund of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (project number: 364, 88/9/24).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 91775-1793, Mashhad, Iran

    Rasool Sadjadian, Hesam A. Seifi & Nima Farzaneh

  2. Department of Clinical Sciences, and Center of Excellence of Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Hesam A. Seifi & Mehrdad Mohri

  3. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Abbas Ali Naserian

Authors
  1. Rasool Sadjadian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hesam A. Seifi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mehrdad Mohri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Abbas Ali Naserian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nima Farzaneh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hesam A. Seifi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sadjadian, R., Seifi, H.A., Mohri, M. et al. Variations of energy biochemical metabolites in periparturient dairy Saanen goats. Comp Clin Pathol 22, 449–456 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-012-1431-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-012-1431-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation