Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Vibration analysis of initially curved single walled carbon nanotube with vacancy defect for ultrahigh frequency nanoresonators

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Microsystem Technologies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are ideal choices for resonators due to its ultrahigh natural frequency. Fundamental frequency of resonators significantly affects their functionality and performance; therefore, an accurate prediction of SWCNTs’ natural frequency is vital for designing and developing such devices. In reality, CNTs are not straight and perfect; indeed, they have some degree of vacancy defect and waviness, which occurs during growth and manipulation processes. This research investigates for the first time the combination effects of both initial curvature and vacancy defects on vibrational behaviour of SWCNTs in order to make the simulation closer to the “real world”. In this study, an efficient method based on the molecular dynamics model and the finite element method is used to simulate wavy SWCNTs with vacancy defects. Zigzag carbon nanotube with chirality indices (5, 0) is considered. Accuracy of our modelling method is verified by comparing our results with the results obtained from previous studies in simulating ideal SWCNT natural frequency. The effects of vacancy, vacancy location, curvature and aspect ratio on natural vibration of the defected wavy SWCNTs have been investigated, and a parameter of critical waviness ratio has been defined for the first time to emphasize the combination effect of vacancies and waviness on the natural frequency of SWCNTs. Our results show that critical waviness is sensitive to the aspect ratio and indicate that by increasing the length of SWCNTs, the critical waviness ratio increases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bell JM, Goh RGS, Waclawik ER, Giulianini M, Motta N (2008) Polymer-carbon nanotube composites: basic science and applications. Mater Forum 32:144–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodily BH, Sun CT (2003) Structural and equivalent continuum properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Int J Mater Prod Technol 18(4):381–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornell WD, Cieplak P, Bayly CI, Gould IR, Merz KM, Ferguson DM, Kollman PA (1995) A second generation force field for the simulation of proteins, nucleic acids, and organic molecules. J Am Chem Soc 117(19):5179–5197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dao DV, Bui TT, Nakamura K, Dau VT, Yamada T, Hata K, Sugiyama S (2010) Towards highly sensitive strain sensing based on nanostructured materials. Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol 1(4):045012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dau VT, Yamada T, Dao DV, Tung BT, Hata K, Sugiyama S (2010a) Integrated CNTs thin film for MEMS mechanical sensors. Microelectron J 41(12):860–864

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dau VT, Dao DV, Yamada T, Tung BT, Hata K, Sugiyama S (2010b) Integration of SWNT film into MEMS for a micro-thermoelectric device. Smart Mater Struct 19(7):075003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Los Santos HJ (1999) Introduction to micorelectromechanical (MEM) microwave systems(Book). Artech House, Norwood, p 1999

    Google Scholar 

  • Farsadi M, Öchsner A, Rahmandoust M. (2012) Numerical investigation of composite materials reinforced with waved carbon nanotubes. J Compos Mater: 0021998312448495

  • Georgantzinos SK, Giannopoulos GI, Anifantis NK (2009) An efficient numerical model for vibration analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Comput Mech 43(6):731–741

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Ghavamian A, Öchsner A (2013) Numerical modeling of eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies of single-and multi-walled carbon nanotubes under the influence of atomic defects. Comput Mater Sci 72:42–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson RF, Ayorinde EO, Wen YF (2007) Vibrations of carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review. Compos Sci Technol 67(1):1–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goh RG, Bell JM, Motta N, Ho PKH, Waclawik ER (2009) < i > p </i > -Channel, < i > n </i > -Channel and ambipolar field-effect transistors based on functionalized carbon nanotube networks. Superlattices Microstruct 1:347–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354(6348):56–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Imani Yengejeh S, Delgado JM, de Lima AGB, Öchsner A. (2014). Numerical Simulation of the Vibration Behavior of Curved Carbon Nanotubes. Adv Mater Sci Eng. doi:10.1155/2014/815340

  • Jensen K, Weldon J, Garcia H, Zettl A (2007) Nanotube radio. Nano Lett 7(11):3508–3511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen K, Kim K, Zettl A (2008) An atomic-resolution nanomechanical mass sensor. Nat Nanotechnol 3(9):533–537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen WL, Severance DL (1990) Aromatic-aromatic interactions: free energy profiles for the benzene dimer in water, chloroform, and liquid benzene. J Am Chem Soc 112(12):4768–4774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karami Mohammadi A, Amjadipoor M (2011) Effect of vacancy defect on natural vibration of single walled carbon nanotube as ultrahigh nanoresonators. J Vibroeng JVE 3:414–422

    Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Chou TW (2003a) Single-walled carbon nanotubes as ultrahigh frequency nanomechanical resonators. Phys Rev B 68(7):073405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Chou TW (2003b) A structural mechanics approach for the analysis of carbon nanotubes. Int J Solids Struct 40(10):2487–2499

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Motta N (2012) Nanostructures for sensors, electronics, energy and environment. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 3(1):351–352

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Nasdala L, Ernst G (2005) Development of a 4-node finite element for the computation of nano-structured materials. Comput Mater Sci 33(4):443–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odegard GM, Gates TS, Nicholson LM, Wise KE (2002) Equivalent-continuum modeling of nano-structured materials. Compos Sci Technol 62(14):1869–1880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ouakad HM, Younis MI (2011) Natural frequencies and mode shapes of initially curved carbon nanotube resonators under electric excitation. J Sound Vib 330(13):3182–3195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poncharal P, Wang ZL, Ugarte D, De Heer WA (1999) Electrostatic deflections and electromechanical resonances of carbon nanotubes. Science 283(5407):1513–1516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qian D, Dickey EC, Andrews R, Rantell T (2000) Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites. Appl Phys Lett 76(20):2868–2870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rappé AK, Casewit CJ, Colwell KS, Goddard Iii WA, Skiff WM (1992) UFF, a full periodic table force field for molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations. J Am Chem Soc 114(25):10024–10035

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sazonova VA (2006) A tunable Carbon Nanotube Resonator. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Physics, Cornell University

  • Shiraishi N, Ikehara T, Dao DV, Sugiyama S, Ando Y (2013) Fabrication and testing of polymer cantilevers for VOC sensors. Sens Actuat A 202:233–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suenaga K, Wakabayashi H, Koshino M, Sato Y, Urita K, Iijima S (2007) Imaging active topological defects in carbon nanotubes. Nat Nanotechnol 2(6):358–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Y, Dao DV, Woodfield P (2014) A fluid density sensor based on a resonant tube. Adv Natural Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol 5(3):035010

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Future Environments and School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia

    Mojtaba Amjadipour & Nunzio Motta

  2. Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia

    Dzung Viet Dao

Authors
  1. Mojtaba Amjadipour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dzung Viet Dao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nunzio Motta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dzung Viet Dao.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Amjadipour, M., Dao, D.V. & Motta, N. Vibration analysis of initially curved single walled carbon nanotube with vacancy defect for ultrahigh frequency nanoresonators. Microsyst Technol 22, 1115–1120 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-015-2470-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-015-2470-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation