Abstract
We develop index theories for linear selfadjoint operator equations and investigate multiple solutions for asymptotically linear operator equations. The operator equations consist of two kinds: the first has finite Morse index and can be used to investigate second order Hamiltonian systems and elliptic partial differential equations; the second may have infinite Morse index and can be used to investigate first order Hamiltonian systems.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amann H., Zehnder E.: Nontrivial soultions for a class of nonresonance problems and applications to nonlinear differential equations. Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa 7, 439–603 (1980)
Cappell S., Lee R., Miller E.Y.: On the Maslov index. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 17, 121–186 (1994)
Chang K.C.: Solutions of asymptotically linear operator equations via Morse theory. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 34, 693–712 (1981)
Chang K.C.: Critical Point Theory and Its Application. Shanghai Science and Technical Press, Shanghai (1986) (in Chinese)
Chang K.C.: Infinite Dimentional Morse Theory and Multiple Solution Problems. Birkhauser, Basel (1993)
Clarke F., Ekeland I.: Nonlinear oscillations and boundary value problems for Hamiltonian systems. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 78, 315–333 (1982)
Conley C., Zehnder E.: Morse-type index theory for flows and periodic solutions for Hamiltonian equations. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 37, 207–253 (1984)
Dazord P.: Invariants homotopiques attachs aux fibrs symplectiques. Ann. Inst. Fourier 29, 25–78 (1979)
De Gosson M.: The structure of q-symplectic geometry. J. Math Pures Appl. 71, 429–453 (1992)
Dong Y.: On equivalent conditions for the solvability of equation (p(t)x′)′ + f(t, x) = h(t) satisfying linear boundary conditions with f restricted by linear growth conditions. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 245, 204–220 (2000)
Dong Y.: On the solvability of asymptotically positively homogeneous equations with S-L boundary value conditions. Nonlinear Anal. 42, 1351–1363 (2000)
Dong Y.: Index theory, nontrivial solutions and asymptotically linear second order Hamiltonian systems. J. Differ. Equ. 214, 233–255 (2005)
Dong Y.: Maslov type index theory for linear Hamiltonian systems with Bolza boundary value conditions and multiple solutions for nonlinear Hamiltonian systems. Pac. J. Math. 221, 253–280 (2005)
Dong Y.: P-index theory for linear Hamiltonian systems and multiple solutions for nonlinear Hamiltonian systems. Nonlinearity 19, 1275–1294 (2006)
Dong D., Long Y.: The iteration formula of Maslov-type index theory with applications to nonlinear Hamiltonian systems. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 349, 2619–2661 (1997)
Ekeland I.: Une theorie de Morse pour les systemes hamiltoniens convexes. Ann. IHP Anal. Non Lineaire 1, 19–78 (1984)
Ekeland I.: Convexity Methods in Hamiltonian Mechanics. Springer, Berlin (1990)
Ekeland I., Hofer H.: Periodic solutions with prescribed period for convex autonomous Hamitonian systems. Invent. Math. 81, 155–188 (1985)
Ekeland I., Hofer H.: Convex Hamiltonian energy surfaces and their closed trajectories. Commun. Math. Phys. 113, 419–467 (1987)
Ekeland I., Ghoussoub N., Tehrani H.: Multiple solutions for a classical problem in the calculus of variations. J. Differ. Equ. 131, 229–243 (1996)
Fabry C.: Landesman-Lazer conditions for periodic boundary value problems with asymmetric nonlinearities. J. Differ. Equ. 116, 405–418 (1995)
Fei G.: Relative Morse index and its applications to the Hamiltonian systems in the presnece of symmetry. J. Differ. Equ. 122, 302–315 (1995)
Fei G.: Maslov-type index and periodic solution of asymptotically linear Hamiltonian systems which are resonant at infinity. J. Differ. Equ. 121, 121–133 (1995)
Guo Y.: Nontrivial periodic solutions for asymptotically linear Hamiltonian systems with resonance. J. Differ. Equ. 175, 71–87 (2001)
Hartman P.: Ordinary Differential Equations, 2nd edn. Birkhauser, Boston (1982)
Iannacci R., Nkashama M.: Nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations at resonance: higher eigenvalues. Nonlinear Anal. 25, 455–471 (1995)
Iannacci R., Nkashama M., Ward J.: Nonlinear second order elliptic partial differential equations at resonance. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 311, 711–726 (1989)
Leray J.: Lagrangian Analysis and Quantum Mechanics, A Mathematical Structure Related to Asymptotic Expansions and the Maslov Index. MIT Press, Cambridge (1981)
Liu C., Long Y., Zhu C.: Multiplicity of closed characteristics on symmetric convex hypersurfaces in R 2n. Math. Ann. 323, 201–215 (2002)
Long Y.: Maslov-type index, degenerate critical points, and asymptotically linear Hamiltonian systems. Sci. China 33, 1409–1419 (1990)
Long Y.: The minimal period problem for classical Hamiltonian systems with even potentials. Ann. IHP Anal. Non Lineaire 10, 605–626 (1993)
Long Y.: The minimal period problem of periodic solutions for autonomous superquadratic second order Hamiltonian systems. J. Differ. Equ. 111, 147–174 (1994)
Long Y.: A Maslov-type index theory for symplectic paths. Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal. 10, 47–78 (1997)
Long, Y.: Index Theory for Symplectic Paths with Applications, Progress in Mathematics No. 207. Birkhäuser, Basel (2002)
Long, Y., Zehnder, E.: Morse theory for forced oscillations of asymptotically linear Hamiltonian systems. In: Alberverio, S., et al. (eds.) Stochastic Processes, Physics and Geometry, pp. 528–563. World Scientific, Teaneck (1990)
Long Y., Zhu C.: Maslov type index theorey for symplectiuc paths and spectral flow(II). Chin. Ann. Math. 21B, 89–108 (2000)
Long Y., Zhu C.: Closed characteristics on compact convex hypersurfaces in R 2n. Ann. Math. 155, 317–368 (2002)
Mawhin J., Willem M.: Critical Point Theory and Hamiltonian Systems. Springer, Berlin (1998)
Nkashama M., Robinson S.: Resonance and nonresonance in terms of average values. J. Differ. Equ. 132, 46–65 (1996)
Su J.: Nontrivial periodic solutions for the asymptotically linear Hamiltonian systems with resonance at infinity. J. Differ. Equ. 145, 252–273 (1998)
Villegas S.: A Neumann problem with asymmetric nonlinearity and a related minimizing problem. J. Differ. Equ. 145, 145–155 (1998)
Wang Z.: Multiple solutions for infinite functional and applications to asymptotically linear problems. Math. Sinica (N.S.) 5, 101–113 (1989)
Wang H., Li Y.: Two-point boundary value problems for second order ordinary differential equations across many resonant points. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 179, 61–75 (1993)
Wang H., Li Y.: Existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions for Duffing equations across many points of resonance. J. Differ. Equ. 108, 152–169 (1994)
Zhu C., Long Y.: Maslov type index theorey for symplectiuc paths and spectral flow(I). Chin. Ann. Math. 20B, 413–424 (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dong, Y. Index theory for linear selfadjoint operator equations and nontrivial solutions for asymptotically linear operator equations. Calc. Var. 38, 75–109 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-009-0279-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-009-0279-5