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Comparative activities of antibiotics against intracellular non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae

Vergleichende Wirksamkeit antimikrobieller Substanzen gegenüber intrazellulärem nicht-typisierbaren Haemophilus influenzae

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Zusammenfassung

EINLEITUNG: Nicht-typisierbarer Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) ist ein wichtiger bakterieller Erreger ambulant erworbener Infektionen der Atemwege und ist in der Regel extrazellulär zu finden. Studien haben jedoch gezeigt, dass NTHi die Fähigkeit besitzt in menschliche Epithelzellen einzudringen, wo er sowohl vor den Angriffen des lokalen Immunsystems als auch zum Teil vor der Abtötung durch Antibiotika geschützt ist. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Fähigkeit der 5 klinisch häufig eingesetzten Antibiotika Ampicillin, Azithromycin, Telithromycin, Ciprofloxacin und Moxifloxacin zu bewerten, NTHi innerhalb von bronchialen Epithelzellen abzutöten. METHODEN: Konfluierende humane bronchiale Epithelzellen wurden mit NTHi 77, einem besonders invasiven klinischen Stamm infiziert. Die extrazellulären Bakterien wurden mittels Gentamicin abgetötet. Die intrazellulären Bakterien wurden mit Antibiotika in einer Konzentration von 1 mg/l oder 10 mg/l für 4 h oder 8 h behandelt. Lebensfähige intrazelluläre Bakterien wurden nach Lyse der Epithelzellen gezählt. ERGEBNISSE: Mit Ausnahme von Ampicillin erreichten alle Antibiotika eine signifikante Reduktion der intrazellulären Bakterien in einer Konzentration von 10 mg/l und einer Expositionszeit für 4 h sowie bei 1 mg/l für 8 h. Bei einer Konzentration von 1 mg/l eliminierte Moxifloxacin 94% der intrazellulären NTHi nach 4 h und 98% nach 8 h. Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin und Telithromycin erreichten nur Killing-Indices < 75 nach 4 h, jedoch eine 86–90%ige Abtötung nach 8 h. Bei 10 mg/l erreichten Moxifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Telithromycin and Azithromycin nach einer Expositionszeit von 4 h eine 99,7%, 96,3%, 86,7% und 74,7%ige Eradikation der intrazellulären Bakterien. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNG: Die Ergebnisse demonstrieren die rasche antibakterielle Effektivität von Moxifloxacin gegenüber intrazellulärem NTHi in vitro. Moxifloxacin, welches hohe extrazelluläre und intrazelluläre Wirksamkeit kombiniert, könnte eine vorteilhafte Substanz in der Behandlung von rezidivierenden Atemwegsinfektionen darstellen.

Summary

INTRODUCTION: Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a major bacterial pathogen of community-acquired respiratory tract infection and is usually found extracellularly, although studies have revealed that NTHi may possess the ability to invade human epithelial cells where it is then protected against attack by the local immune system and partly against the effect of antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of ampicillin, azithromycin, telithromycin, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin, five antibiotics in common clinical use, to kill NTHi within bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS: Confluent human bronchial epithelial cells were infected with NTHi 77, a particularly invasive clinical strain. Extracellular bacterial cells were killed with gentamicin and the intracellular bacteria were incubated with antibiotics at concentrations of 1 mg/l or 10 mg/l for 4 h or 8 h. Viable intracellular bacteria were counted after lysis of the epithelial cells. RESULTS: With the exception of ampicillin, all the antibiotics caused significant reduction of intracellular bacteria at concentrations of 10 mg/l and exposure for 4 h or at 1 mg/l for 8 h. At 1 mg/l, moxifloxacin eliminated 94% of intracellular NTHi after 4 h and 98% after 8 h; ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and telithromycin only achieved killing indices below 75 after 4 h but 86–90% killing after 8 h. At 10 mg/l, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, telithromycin and azithromycin were able to achieve 99.7%, 96.3%, 86.7% and 74.7% eradication of intracellular bacteria, respectively, after exposure for 4 h. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the rapid antibacterial efficacy of moxifloxacin against intracellular NTHi in vitro. Moxifloxacin, which combines high extracellular and intracellular activities, could be an important tool in the treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infections.

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Correspondence to Apostolos Georgopoulos.

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Kratzer, C., Graninger, W., Macfelda, K. et al. Comparative activities of antibiotics against intracellular non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae . Wien Klin Wochenschr 119, 297–302 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-007-0784-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-007-0784-5

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