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Psychische Störungen beim Fibromyalgiesyndrom

Screening in Einrichtungen verschiedener Fachrichtungen

Mental disorders in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome

Screening in centres of different medical specialties

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

In systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten weisen die Prävalenzraten von depressiven Störungen, Angststörungen und posttraumatischen Belastungsstörungen (PTSD) bei Patienten mit Fibromyalgiesyndrom (FMS) eine hohe Spannweite auf, die u. a. durch Settingeffekte erklärt wird. Aus Deutschland lagen bisher keine Daten zur Häufigkeit möglicher psychischer Störungen bei FMS-Patienten in Abhängigkeit von der behandelnden Fachdisziplin vor.

Material und Methoden

Alle konsekutiven Patienten von 8 Einrichtungen (3 der Rheumatologie/Orthopädie, 3 der Psychosomatik/Schmerzmedizin, 2 der physikalischen Medizin/integrativen Medizin) wurden vom 01.02. bis 31.07.2012 mit standardisierten Fragebogen untersucht. Einschlusskriterium war die von Studienärzten gestellte Diagnose eines FMS. Ausschlusskriterien waren mangelnde Kenntnis der deutschen Sprache sowie hirnorganische Beeinträchtigungen. Die deutsche Version des Patient Health Questionnaire 4 wurde zum Screening auf mögliche depressive und Angststörungen eingesetzt. Schwerwiegende Lebensereignisse wurden mit der Traumaliste des Münchener Composite International Diagnostic Interview und die Symptomkriterien der PTSD des Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) mit der Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale erfasst.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden 396 von 538 gescreenten Patienten ausgewertet (93,9 % Frauen, Durchschnittsalter: 52,3 Jahre, durchschnittliche Dauer chronischer Schmerzen in mehreren Körperregionen: 12,8 Jahre, durchschnittliche Dauer seit FMS-Diagnose: 4,5 Jahre). Die Kriterien einer möglichen depressiven Störung erfüllten 65,7 % der Patienten, die einer möglichen Angststörung 67,9 % und die einer möglichen PTSD 45,5 %. Potenzielle depressive Störungen fanden sich häufiger in psychosomatisch-schmerzmedizinischen als in rheumatologischen Einrichtungen.

Schlussfolgerung

Mögliche psychische Störungen waren bei FMS-Patienten in allen klinischen Einrichtungen häufig. FMS-Patienten in allen Settings sollten auf das Vorliegen einer psychischen Störung gescreent werden.

Abstract

Background

Systematic reviews have reported a wide range of prevalence rates for depressive, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) which have been partially explained by setting differences. No data are currently available on the prevalence of potential mental disorders depending on the medical specialty in Germany.

Material and methods

All consecutive FMS patients of 8 study centres (3 rheumatology/orthopaedic surgery, 3 psychosomatic/pain medicine, 2 physical/integrative medicine) were assessed from February 1 to July 31, 2012 with standardised questionnaires. Patients with FMS diagnosed by a study physician were included. Non-German speaking and mentally retarded patients were excluded. The German version of the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 was used to screen for potential depressive and anxiety disorders. Severe life events were assessed by the trauma list of the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview and symptom criteria of PTSD of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) using the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale.

Results

Of 538 patients, 396 patients (93.9 % women, mean age 52.3 years, mean duration since chronic widespread pain 12.8 years, mean duration since FMS diagnosis 4.5 years) were analysed. In all, 65.7 % of patients met the criteria of a potential depressive disorder, 67.9 % of a potential anxiety disorder and 45.5 % of a potential PTSD. Potential depressive disorders were more frequent in the psychosomatic/pain medicine setting than in the rheumatology setting.

Conclusion

Potential mental disorders were frequent in FMS patients regardless of the medical specialty. All FMS patients of all types of clinical settings should be screened for mental disorders.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren danken allen Kolleginnen, die an der Datensammlung beteiligt waren. Besonderen Dank sprechen sie Frau Dr. med. Rosemarie Erdkönig (Zweibrücken) und Frau Dipl.-Psych. Katja Welsch (Blieskastel) aus.

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist für sich und seine Koautoren auf folgende Beziehungen hin: W. Häuser erhielt Vortragshonorare von Abbott und Pfizer sowie ein Beratungshonorar von Daiichi Sankyo in den letzten 3 Jahren. V. Köllner erhielt Vortragshonorare von Servier, AstraZeneca, Actelion, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Grünenthal in den letzten 3 Jahren. J. Langhorst erhielt ein Vortragshonorar von Abbott in den letzten 3 Jahren. A. Winkelmann war der Leiter einer Studie mit Pregabalin beim FMS, die von Pfizer gesponsert wurde. Die anderen Autoren geben keine Interessenkonflikte an.

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Correspondence to W. Häuser.

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Die Publikation enthält Teile der Dissertation von A. Galek.

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Galek, A., Erbslöh-Möller, B., Köllner, V. et al. Psychische Störungen beim Fibromyalgiesyndrom. Schmerz 27, 296–304 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-013-1323-0

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