Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Assessment of cultivated cherry germplasm in Iran by multivariate analysis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Trees Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Key message

This work is an important step in the conservation of genetic cherry resources, which showed distinctive and interesting agronomical characters. Also it introduces suitable genotypes for cultivation and breeding studies.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to characterize cherry germplasm that is cultivated in Iran. Thirty-three morphopomological parameters were studied in this germplasm, consisting of 70 cherry genotypes (41 sweet cherry, 24 sour cherry and 5 duke cherry genotypes). A wide variation was found in blooming time, ripening time, fruit weight, fruit color, anthocyanin, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), fruit dimensions and flesh firmness and stone size. There were close positive correlations between fruit weight and fruit dimensions, and between fruit weight and fruit stalk weight, fruit flesh firmness and cracking and also a negative correlation between pH and TA. Dendrogram gave a clear separation between the sour, duke and sweet cherry species and also showed existing intraspecific morphological variation. Based on fruit size and organoleptic properties, the sweet cherry genotypes ‘Siah-Mashhad’, ‘Takdaneh-Mashhad’, ‘Shabestar’, ‘Siah-Daneshkade’, ‘Ghazvin’ and ‘Droongezna’ are recommended for fresh consumption. Good fruit chemical composition and late-ripening time stands out genotypes ‘Dirres-Italia’, ‘Dirres-Pardis’, ‘Maremoot’, ‘Abardeh’ and ‘Rorshon’ and make them suitable for processing. Also, ‘Gilas46’ and ‘Gilas49’ were substantially late-ripening, a characteristic that makes these genotypes highly suitable for breeding studies in case of ripening time. Furthermore, sour cherries ‘Hashtgerd2’ and ‘Hashtgerd3’ and duke cherries ‘Pardis1’ and ‘Pardis3’ were the best genotypes. This work is an important step in the conservation of genetic cherry resources in Iran, which showed distinctive and interesting agronomical characters such as low susceptibility to fruit cracking, high levels of total soluble solids, early fruit maturity and high fruit quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alburquerque N, Burgos L, Egea J (2004) Influence of flower bud density, flower bud drop and fruit set on apricot productivity. Sci Hortic 102:397–406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alburquerque N, García-Montiel F, Carrillo A, Burgos L (2008) Chilling and heat requirements of sweet cherry cultivars and the relationship between altitude and the probability of satisfying the chill requirements. Environ Exp Bot 64:162–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antonius K, Aaltonen M, Uosukainen M, Hurme T (2012) Genotypic and phenotypic diversity in Finnish cultivated sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:375–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arulsekar S, Parfitt DE, Kester DE (1989) Comparison of isozyme variability in peach and almond cultivars. J Hered 77:272–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Asma BM, Ozturk K (2005) Analysis of morphological, pomological and yield characteristics of some apricot germplasm in Turkey. Genet Resour Crop Evol 52:305–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson CJ, Lucas AS (1996) The response of flowering date and cropping of Pyrus communis cv Concorde to autumn warming. J Hortic Sci 71:427–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Badenes ML, Martınez-Calvo J, Llacer G (1998) Analysis of apricot germplasm from the European ecogeographical group. Euphytica 102:93–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ballistreri G, Continella A, Gentile A, Amenta M, Fabroni S, Rapisarda P (2013) Fruit quality and bioactive compounds relevant to human health of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars grown in Italy. Food Chem 140:630–638

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barac G, Ognjanov V, Obreht D, Ljubojevic M, Bosnjakovic D, Pejic I, Gasic K (2014) Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of cherry species collected in Serbia. Plant Mol Boil Rep 32:92–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batisse C, Buret M, Coulomb PJ (1996) Biochemical differences in cell wall of cherry fruit between soft and crisp fruit. J Agric Food Chem 44:453–457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beppu K, Ikeda T, Kataoka I (2001) Effect of high temperature exposure time during flower bud formation on the occurrence of double pistils in `Satohnishiki’ sweet cherry. Sci Hortic 87:77–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beyer M, Hahn R, Peschel S, Harz M, Knoche M (2002) Analysing fruit shape in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Sci Hortic 96:139–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bindi M, Fibbi L, Miglietta F (2001) Free air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): II. Growth and quality of grape and wine in response to elevated CO2 concentrations. Eur J Agron 14:145–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown SK (1988) Assessment of fruit firmness in selected sour cherry genotypes. Hortic Sci 23:882–884

    Google Scholar 

  • Chio C, Andersen R (2001) Variable fruit set in selffertile sweet cherry. Can J Plant Sci 81:753–760

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen JV (1996) Rain-induced cracking of sweet cherries: Its causes and prevention. In: Webster AD, Looney NE (eds) Cherries: crop physiology, production and uses. Oxon, UK, pp 297–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Colaric M, Veberic R, Stampar F, Hudina M (2005) Evaluation of peach and nectarine fruit quality and correlations between sensory and chemical attributes. J Sci Food Agric 85:2611–2616

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Considine JA, Kriedemann PE (2000) Fruit splitting in grapes: determination of the critical turgor pressure. Aust J Agric Res 23:7–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Demirsoy H, Demirsoy L (2004) A study on the relationships between some fruit characteristics in cherries. Fruits 59:219–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dever MC, Macdonald RA, Chiff MA, Lane WD (1996) Sensory evaluation of sweet cherry cultivars. Hortic Sci 31:150–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Engin H, Şen F, Pamuk G, Gökbayrak Z (2009) Investigation of Physiological Disorders and Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherry. Eur J Hortic Sci 74:118–123

    Google Scholar 

  • FAOSTAT (2011) At: http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx. Accessed 21 Feb 2012

  • Garcia-Montiel F, Serrano M, Martinez-Romero D, Alburquerque N (2010) Factors influencing fruit set and quality in different sweet cherry cultivars. Span J Agric Res 8(4):1118–1128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerardi C, Blando F, Santino A, Zacheo G (2001) Purification and characterisation of a ß-glucosidase abundantly expressed in ripe sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit. Plant Sci 16:795–805

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goncalves B, Moutinho-Pereira J, Santos A, Silva AP, Bacelar E, Correia C, Rosa E (2006) Scion-rootstock interaction affects the physiology and fruit quality of sweet cherry. Tree Physiol 26:93–104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4(1): 9 http://palaeoelectronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm

  • Hegedűs A, Taller D, Papp N, Szikriszt B, Ercisli S, Halász J, Stefanovits-Bányai É (2013) Fruit antioxidant capacity and self-incompatibility genotype of Ukrainian sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars highlight their breeding prospects. Euphytica 191:153–164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilaire C, Mathieu V, Scandella D (2000) La qualité organoleptique des peches et nectarines. 1° partie. Infos–Ctifl 161:26–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillig KW, Iezzoni AF (1988) Multivariate analysis of a sour cherry germplasm collection. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 1988:928–934

    Google Scholar 

  • Hjalmarsson I, Ortiz R (2000) In situ and ex situ assessment of morphological and fruit variation in Scandinavian sweet cherry. Sci Hortic 85:37–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang XM, Wang HC, Gao FF, Huang HB (1999) A comparative study of the pericarp of litchi cultivars susceptible and resistant to fruit-cracking. J Hortic Sci Biotech 74:351–354

    Google Scholar 

  • IBPGR (1985) Cherry descriptor list. In: H Schmidt, J Vittrup-Christensen, R Watkins, RA Smith (eds) CEC Secretariat, Brussels (1985) AGPG: IBPGR/85/37, Nov

  • Iezzoni A, Mulinix CA (1992) Variation in bloom time in a sour cherry germplasm collection. Hortic sci 27:1113–1114

    Google Scholar 

  • Iezzoni AF, Pritts MP (1991) Applications of principal components analysis to horticultural research. Hortic Sci 26:334–338

    Google Scholar 

  • Iezzoni AF, Schmidt H, Albertini A (1990) Cherries (Prunus). In: Moore JN, Ballington JR Jr (eds) Genetic resources of temperate fruit and nut crops, vol 1. I.S.H.S, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp 111–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Iran Meteorological Organization. http://www.weather.ir/

  • Kappel F (2010) Sweet cherry cultivars vary in their susceptibility to spring frosts. Hortic Sci 45:176–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Khadivi-Khub A (2009) Pomology. Agriculture Education Press, Tehran

    Google Scholar 

  • Khadivi-Khub A, Zamani Z, Fatahi MR (2012) Multivariate analysis of Prunus subgen. Cerasus germplasm in Iran using morphological ariables. Genet Resour Crop Evol 59:909–926

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolesnikova AF, Ossipov Y, Ossipov V, Kolesnikova AI (1985) New hybrid rootstock for cherries. Acta Hortic 169:159–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Krahl KH, Lansari A, Iezzoni AF (1991) Morphological variation within a sour cherry collection. Euphytica 52:47–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacis G, Kaufmane E, Trajkovski V, Rashal I (2009) Morphological variability and genetic diversity within Latvian and Swedish sweet cherry collections. Acta Universitatis Latviensis 753:19–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Martino LS, Manavella FA, García DA, Salato G (2008) Phenology and fruit quality of nine sweet cherry cultivars in South Patagonia. Acta Hortic 795:841–848

    Google Scholar 

  • Nikolic D, Rakonjac V, Milatovic D, Fotiric M (2010) Multivariate analysis of vineyard peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] germplasm collection. Euphytica 171:227–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ognjanov V, Ljubojevic M, Ninic-Todorovic J, Bosnjakovic D, Barac G, Cukanovic J, Mladenovic E (2012) Morphometric diversity of dwarf sour cherry germplasm in Serbia. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 87:117–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Okut H, Akca Y (1995) Study to determine the causal relations between fruit weight and certain important fruit characteristics with using a path analysis. Acta Hortic 384:97–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Olden EJ, Nybom N (1968) On the origin of Prunus cerasus L. Hereditas 59:327–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papp N, Szilvássy B, Abrankó L, Szabó T, Pfeiffer P, Szabó Z, Hegedűs A (2010) Main quality attributes and antioxidants in Hungarian sour cherries: identification of genotypes with enhanced functional properties International. J Food Sci Technol 45:395–402

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perez R, Navarro F, Sanchez MA, Ortiz JM, Morales R (2010) Analysis of agromorphological descriptors to differentiate between duke cherry (Prunus × gondouinii (Poit. & Turpin) Rehd.) and its progenitors: sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). Chilean J Agric Res 70:34–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Sanchez R, Gomez-Sanchez MA, Morales-Corts R (2008) Agromorphological characterization of traditional Spanish sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) and duke cherry (Prunus × gondouinii Rehd.) cultivars. Span J Agric Res 6:42–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radičević S, Cerović R, Lukic M, Paunovic SA, Jevremovic D, Milenkovic S, Mitrovic M (2012) Selection of autochthonous sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) genotypes in Feketić region. Genetica 44:285–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Rakonjac V, Fotiric Aksic M, Nikolic D, Milatovic D, Colic S (2010) Morphological characterization of ‘Oblacinska’ sour cherry by multivariate analysis. Sci Hortic 125:679–684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues LC, Morales MR, Fernandes AJB, Ortiz JM (2008) Morphological characterization of sweet and sour cherry cultivars in a germplasm bank at Portugal. Genet Resour Crop Evol 55:593–601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santi F, Lemoine M (1990) Genetic markers for Prunus avium L. 2. Clonal identifications and discrimination from P. cerasus and P. cerasus × P. avium. Annales des Sciences Forestières 47:219–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sekse L (2008) Fruit cracking in sweet cherries—some recent advances. Acta Hortic 795:615–625

    Google Scholar 

  • Simon G (2006) Review on rain induced fruit cracking of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.), its causes and the possibilities of prevention. Int J Hortic Sci 12:27–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Tavaud M, Zanetto A, David JL, Laigret F, Dirlewanger E (2004) Genetic relationships between diploid and allotetraploid cherry species (Prunus avium, Prunus × gondouinii and Prunus cerasus. Heredity 93:631–638

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Theiler-Hedricth R (1990) Relationships between fruit weight and diameter in cherries. Schweiz Z Obst Weinbau 126:590–598

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan SP, Russell K, Sargent DJ, Tobutt KR (2006) Isolation of S locus F-box alleles in Prunus avium and their application in a novel method to determine selfincompatibility genotype. Theor Appl Genet 112:856–866

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vavilov NI (1951) The origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. Ronald, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Vursavus K, Kelebek H, Selli S (2006) A study on some chemical and physico-mechanic properties of three sweet cherry varieties (Prunus avium L.) in Turkey. J Food Eng 74:568–575

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zamani Z, Adabi M, Khadivi-Khub A (2013) Comparative analysis of genetic structure and variability in wild and cultivated pomegranates as revealed by morphological variables and molecular markers. Plant Syst Evol doi: 10.1007/s00606-013-0851-5

Download references

Conflict of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, 38156-8-8349, Arak, Iran

    Abdollah Khadivi-Khub

Authors
  1. Abdollah Khadivi-Khub
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdollah Khadivi-Khub.

Additional information

Communicated by D. Treutter.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Khadivi-Khub, A. Assessment of cultivated cherry germplasm in Iran by multivariate analysis. Trees 28, 669–685 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-014-0980-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-014-0980-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation