Abstract
Background
In surgical treatment of elderly patients, securing the safety of surgery and radical cure must be balanced. Our purpose was to verify the safety and validity of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of colorectal cancer in elderly patients.
Methods
Patients with cTis–T4a colorectal cancer who were 75 years or older were randomized to receive open or laparoscopic surgery. Exclusion criteria were patients who had a bulky tumor, rectal cancer that required pelvic side wall lymphadenectomy, and history of colon resection. Patients were divided according to tumor location (right colon, left colon, and rectum). The short-term outcomes were compared between the two groups.
Results
One hundred patients (right 43, left 28, and rectum 29) were registered in each group from August 2008 to August 2012. There were no differences in patient characteristics between the two groups. Three patients were converted from laparoscopic to open, because of bleeding, excision of peritoneum metastasis, and patient’s desire, respectively. In the short-term results (open:laparoscopic), there were significant differences in the rates of complications (36:23 %) and ileus (12:4 %), amount of blood loss (157:63 mL), and duration of surgery (150:172 min). There were no significant differences in the pathological margins, and the number of dissected lymph nodes. In the subgroup analysis according to the tumor location, there were significant differences in the rate of complications (39.4:22.5 %), amount of blood loss (135:42 mL), duration of surgery (139:160 min), and length of postoperative stay (13.0:10.0 days) in the colon cancer. There were no significant differences in short-term results in the rectal cancer.
Conclusions
Laparoscopic surgery in elderly colorectal cancer patients did not result in a difference in radical cure compared with open surgery, and the short-term results except the duration of surgery were excellent. It is an effective procedure for elderly patients with colorectal cancer, especially colon cancer.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Green BL, Marshall HC, Collinson F, Quirke P, Guillou P, Jayne DG, Brown JM (2013) Long-term follow-up of the Medical Research Council CLASICC trial of conventional versus laparoscopically assisted resection in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 100:75–82
Lacy AM, Delgado S, Castells A, Prins HA, Arroyo V, Ibarzabal A, Pique JM (2008) The long-term results of a randomized clinical trial of laparoscopy-assisted versus open surgery for colon cancer. Ann Surg 248:1–7
Fleshman J, Sargent DJ, Green E, Anvari M, Stryker SJ, Beart RW Jr, Hellinger M, Flanagan R Jr, Peters W, Nelson H, Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy Study Group (2007) Laparoscopic colectomy for cancer is not inferior to open surgery based on 5-year data from the COST Study Group trial. Ann Surg 246:655–662
Colon Cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection Study Group, Buunen M, Veldkamp R, Hop WC, Kuhry E, Jeekel J, Haglind E, Påhlman L, Cuesta MA, Msika S, Morino M, Lacy A, Bonjer HJ (2009) Survival after laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: long-term outcome of a randomised clinical trial. Lancet Oncol 10:44–52
Ng Simon S, Leung KL, Lee JF, Yiu RY, Li JC, Hon SS (2009) Long-term morbidity and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted anterior resection for upper rectal cancer: ten-year results of a prospective, randomized trial. Dis Colon Rectum 52:558–566
Inomata M, Yasuda K, Shiraishi N, Kitano S (2009) Clinical evidences of laparoscopic versus open surgery for colorectal cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 39:471–477
Morris EJ, Jordan C, Thomas JD, Cooper M, Brown JM, Thorpe H, Cameron D, Forman D, Jayne D, Quirke P, CLASICC trialists (2011) Comparison of treatment and outcome information between a clinical trial and the National Cancer Data Repository. Br J Surg 98:299–307
Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Therapy Study Group (2004) A comparison of laparoscopically assisted and open colectomy for colon cancer. N Engl J Med 350:2050–2059
Kitano S, Inomata M, Sato A, Yoshimura K, Moriya Y (2005) Randomized controlled trial to evaluate laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study JCOG 0404. Jpn J Clin Oncol 35:475–477
Frasson M, Braga M, Vignali A, Zuliani W, Di Carlo V (2008) Benefits of laparoscopic colorectal resection are more pronounced in elderly patients. Dis Colon Rectum 51:296–300
Tomimaru Y, Ide Y, Murata K (2011) Outcome of laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer in elderly patients. Asian J Endosc Surg 4:1–6
Senagore AJ, Madbouly KM, Fazio VW, Duepree HJ, Brady KM, Delaney CP (2003) Advantages of laparoscopic colectomy in older patients. Arch Surg 138:252–256
Vignali A, Di Palo S, Tamburini A, Radaelli G, Orsenigo E, Staudacher C (2005) Laparoscopic vs. open colectomies in octogenarians: a case-matched control study. Dis Colon Rectum 48:2070–2075
Tei M, Ikeda M, Haraguchi N, Takemasa I, Mizushima T, Ishii H, Yamamoto H, Sekimoto M, Doki Y, Mori M (2009) Postoperative complications in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: comparison of open and laparoscopic surgical procedures. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 19:488–492
Tuech JJ, Pessaux P, Rouge C, Regenet N, Bergamaschi R, Arnaud JP (2000) Laparoscopic vs open colectomy for sigmoid diverticulitis: a prospective comparative study in the elderly. Surg Endosc 14:1031–1033
Stocchi L, Nelson H, Young-Fadok TM, Larson DR, Ilstrup DM (2000) Safety and advantages of laparoscopic vs. open colectomy in the elderly: matched-control study. Dis Colon Rectum 43:326–332
Stewart BT, Stitz RW, Lumley JW (1999) Laparoscopically assisted colorectal surgery in the elderly. Br J Surg 86:938–941
Sklow B, Read T, Birnbaum E, Fry R, Fleshman J (2003) Age and type of procedure influence the choice of patients for laparoscopic colectomy. Surg Endosc 17:923–929
Lian L, Kalady M, Geisler D, Kiran RP (2010) Laparoscopic colectomy is safe and leads to a significantly shorter hospital stay for octogenarians. Surg Endosc 24:2039–2043
Law WL, Chu KW, Tung PH (2002) Laparoscopic colorectal resection: a safe option for elderly patients. J Am Coll Surg 195:768–773
She WH, Poon JT, Fan JK, Lo OS, Law WL (2013) Outcome of laparoscopic colectomy for cancer in elderly patients. Surg Endosc 27:308–312
Robinson CN, Balentine CJ, Marshall CL, Wilks JA, Anaya D, Artinyan A, Berger DH, Albo D (2011) Minimally invasive surgery improves short-term outcomes in elderly colorectal cancer patients. J Surg Res 166:182–188
Grailey K, Markar SR, Karthikesalingam A, Aboud R, Ziprin P, Faiz O (2013) Laparoscopic versus open colorectal resection in the elderly population. Surg Endosc 27:19–30
Mori T, Kimura T, Kitajima M (2010) Skill accreditation system for laparoscopic gastroenterologic surgeons in Japan. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol 19:18–23
Colorectal Cancer Society (2006) The 7th edition of the Japanese general rules for clinical and pathological studies on cancer of the colon, rectum and anus. Kanahara Publications, Tokyo
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (1999) Common toxicity criteria, version 2.0. http://ctep.info.nih.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/docs/ctcv20_4-30-992.pdf
International Union Against Cancer (2010) TNM classification of malignant tumors, 7th edn. Wiley-Liss, New York
National Cancer Institute. Common terminology criteria for adverse events, version 4.0. http://www.eortc.be/services/doc/ctc/CTCAE_4.03_2010-06-14_QuickReference_5x7.pdf#search=’Common+Terminology+Criteria+for+Adverse+Events+version+4.0.3
Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA (2004) Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 240:205–213
Fukuhara S, Bito S, Green J, Hsiao A, Kurokawa K (1998) Translation, adaptation, and validation of the SF-36 Health Survey for use in Japan. J Clin Epidemiol 51:1037–1044
Japan Cabinet Office. [White paper on aging society]. http://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/whitepaper/w-2012/zenbun/24pdf_index.htm
Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery (2012) Survey of endoscopic surgery in Japan. J Jpn Soc Endosc Surg 17:571–679
Guillou PJ, Quirke P, Thorpe H, Walker J, Jayne DG, Smith AMH, Heath RM, Brown JM, MRC CLASICC trial group (2005) Short-term endpoints of conventional versus laparoscopic assisted surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (MRC CLASICC trial); multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 365:1718–1726
Miyajima N, Fukunaga M, Hasegawa H, Tanaka J, Okuda J, Watanabe M (2009) Results of a multicenter study of 1,057 cases of rectal cancer treated by laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc 23:113–118
da Luz MoreiraA, Kiran RP, Kirat HT, Remzi FH, Geisler DP, Church JM, Garofalo T, Fazio VW (2010) Laparoscopic versus open colectomy for patients with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classifications 3 and 4: the minimally invasive approach is associated with significantly quicker recovery and reduced costs. Surg Endosc 24:1280–1286
Veldkamp R, Kuhry E, Hop WC, Jeekel J, Kazemier G, Bonjer HJ, Haglind E, Påhlman L, Cuesta MA, Msika S, Morino M, Lacy AM, COlon cancer Laparoscopic or Open Resection Study Group (COLOR) (2005) Laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colon cancer: short-term outcomes of a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 6:477–484
Ito M, Sugito M, Kobayashi A, Nishizawa Y, Tsunoda Y, Saito N (2008) Relationship between multiple numbers of stapler firings during rectal division and anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal resection. Int J Colorectal Dis 23:703–707
Disclosures
Shoichi Fujii, Atsushi Ishibe, Mitsuyoshi Ota, Shigeru Yamagishi, Kazuteru Watanabe, Jun Watanabe, Amane Kanazawa, Yasushi Ichikawa, Mari Oba, Satoshi Morita, Yojiro Hashiguchi, Chikara Kunisaki, and Itaru Endo have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fujii, S., Ishibe, A., Ota, M. et al. Short-term results of a randomized study between laparoscopic and open surgery in elderly colorectal cancer patients. Surg Endosc 28, 466–476 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-013-3223-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-013-3223-x