Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Origin of magnetic anomalies in the large Ebersbrunn diatreme, W Saxony, Germany

  • Collection: Monogenetic Volcanism
  • Published:
Bulletin of Volcanology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Ebersbrunn diatreme is a deeply eroded (>1 km) diatreme structure in western Saxony, Germany. At current erosion levels, this ultramafic to carbonatitic diatreme is about 2 × 1.5 km in map view, which makes it a large one. Based on shallow drill cores, the diatreme contains coarse unbedded volcaniclastic rocks with up to 80 % country rock fragments. The diatreme is characterised by positive and negative magnetic anomalies, which are controlled mostly by the changing proportions of magnetic minerals in the rocks. The magnetic minerals are themselves contained in the juvenile fraction. Rock magnetic studies on three drill cores, one from the magnetic low and two from magnetic highs, including bulk susceptibility and its anisotropy, temperature dependent susceptibility, various remanence measurements (natural remanent magnetisation, anhysteretic remanence and isothermal remanent magnetisation) and alternating field demagnetisation have been performed. Additionally scanning electron microscope imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed to better characterise the magnetic minerals. Magnetisation is caused by titanomagnetite with slightly varying Ti contents within all cores. Samples from the positive magnetic anomalies have a relatively high degree of anisotropy, but no preferred orientation of one of the principal axes can be seen. The magnetic highs are caused by non-bedded volcaniclastic rocks comparatively rich in juvenile particles. The negative magnetic anomaly is associated with a compaction-like magnetic fabric but without macroscopically visible bedding. Hence, the magnetic low is caused by rocks with a lower content of juvenile material. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time rock magnetic methods have been applied to diatreme rocks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abratis M, Munsel D, Viereck-Götte L (2009) Melilithites and melilite bearing igneous rocks of the Saxonian Vogtland (Germany): petrography and mineral chemistry. Zeitschrift für geologische Wissenschaften 37:41–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexowsky W, Berger H-J, Goth K, Hübner F, Junghanns C, Schneider JW, Wolf L, unter Mitarbeit und mit Beiträgen von: Brauer R, Joisten H, Kardel K, Kaufmann H, Riedel P, Rumbaur C, Schubert H, Steinborn H, Temme L, Wenzel B, Witthauer B Wolf P (2007) Geologische Karte des Freistaates Sachsen 1 : 25 000, Erläuterungen Blätter 5240 Zwickau und 5241 Zwickau Ost, 3. Aufl. Freiberg: 184 S.

  • Bankwitz P, Schneider G, Kämpf H, Bankwitz E (2003) Structural characteristics of epicentral areas in central Europe: study case Cheb basin (Czech Republic). J Geodyn 35:5–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger H-J (2008) Eruptivbrekzie von Ebersbrunn. In: Pälchen W, Walter H (eds) Geologie von Sachsen. Schweitzerbart, Stuttgart, pp 482–483

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloemendal J, King JW, Hall FR, Doh SJ (1992) Rock magnetismof late neogene and pleistocene deep-sea sediments: relationship to sediment source, diagenetic processes, and sediment lithology. J Geophys Res 97B:4361–4375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolós X, Barde-Cabusson S, Pedrazzi D, Martí J, Casas A, Himi M, Lovera R (2012) Investigation of the inner structure of La Crosa de Sant Dalmai maar (Catalan Volcanic Zone, Spain). J Volcanol Geotherm Res 247–248:37–48. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.08.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bräuer K, Kämpf H, Niedermann S, Strauch G (2005) Evidence for ascending upper mantle-derived melt beneath the Cheb basin, central Europe. Geophys Res Lett 32, L08303. doi:10.1929/2004GL022205

    Google Scholar 

  • Bräuer K, Kämpf H, Strauch G (2009) Earthquake swarms in non-volcanic regions: What fluids have to say. Geophys Res Lett 36, L17309. doi:10.1029/2009GL039615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brus Z, Hurnik S (1984) Explosive volcanic structures in the North Bohemian brown-coal basin. Casopsis pro mineralogii a geologii 29:255–269 (in Czech with English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Büchel G (1992) Das Lelberger Hoch. Tiefenstruktur und Geodynamik einer magnetischen Anomalie in der Eifel. Die Geowissenschaften 10:132–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Büchel G (1993) Maars of the Westeifel, Germany. In: Negendank JFW, Zolitzschka B (eds) Paleolimnology of European Maar Lakes, vol 49, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences., pp 1–13

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Büchel G, Pirrung BM (1993) Tertiary maars of the Hocheifel volcanic field, Germany. In: Negendank JFW, Zolitzschka B (eds) Paleolimnology of European Maar Lakes, vol 49, Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences., pp 447–645

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • de Wall H, Kontny A, Vahle C (2004) Magnetic susceptibility zonation of the melilititic Riedheim dyke (Hegau volcanic field, Germany): evidence for multiple magma pulses? J Volcanol Geotherm Res 131:143–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Wall H, Nano L (2004) The use of field dependence of magnetic susceptibility for monitoring variations in titanomagnetite composition a case study on basanites from the Vogelsberg 1996 drillhole, Germany. Studia geophysica et geodaetica 48:767–776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dobeš M, Hercog F, Mazáč O (1986) Die geophysikalische Untersuchung der hydrogeologischen Strukturen im Cheb-Becken. Sbor geol věd, Užitá geofyz 21:117–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunlop DJ (1995) Magnetism in rocks. J Geophys Res 100:2161–2174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlop DJ, Özdemir Ö (2001) Rock magnetism. Fundamentals and frontiers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontana G, Mac Niocaill C, Brown RJ, Sparks RSJ, Field M (2011) Emplacement temperatures of pyroclastic and volcaniclastic deposits in kimberlite pipes in southern Africa. Bull Volcanol 73:1063–1083

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller M, Kidane T, Ali J (2002) AF demagnetization characteristics of NRM, compared with anhysteretic and saturation isothermal remanence: an aid in the interpretation of NRM. Phys Chem Earth 27:1169–1177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gernon TM, Fontana G, Field M, Sparks RSJ, Brown RJ, Mac Niocaill C (2009) Pyroclastic flow deposits from a kimberlite eruption: the Orapa South Crater, Botswana. Lithos 112(S):566–578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goguitchaichvili AT, Sologachvili DZ, Prévot M, Calvo M, Pavlenichvili ES, Maissuradze GM, Schnepp E (1997) Palaeomagnetic and rock-magnetic study of a Pliocene volcanic section in southern Georgia (Caucasus). Geol Mijnb 76:135–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham JW (1966) Significance of magnetic anisotropy in Appalachian sedimentary rocks. In: Steinhart JS, Smith TJ (eds) The earth beneath the continents, geophysical monograph series, vol 10. AGU, Washington, pp 627–648

    Google Scholar 

  • Grommé CS, Wright TL, Peck DL (1969) Magnetic properties and oxidation of iron-titanium oxide minerals in the Alae and Makaopuhi Lava Lakes, Hawaii. J Geophys Res 74:5277–5293

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemmann A, Kämpf H (2002) Seismicity in the central part of the Naab-Pritzwalk-Rostock lineament, related to mantle fluid activity? EGS XXVII General Assembly, Nice, 21–26 April 2002, abstract #5193.

  • Hemmann A, Meier T, Jentzsch G, Ziegert A (2003) Similarity of waveforms and relative relocalisation of the earthquake swarm 1997/1998 near Werdau. J Geodyn 35:191–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heslop D (2009) On the statistical analysis of the rock magnetic S-ratio. Geophysical Journal international 178:159–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ibs-von Seht M, Plenefisch T, Klinge K (2008) Earthquake swarms in continental rifts—a comparison of selected cases in America, Africa and Europe. Tectonophysics 452:66–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson M, Moskowitz B, Rosenbaum J, Kissel C (1998) Field-dependence of AC susceptibility in titanomagnetites. Earth Planet Sci Lett 157:129–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kämpf H (2002) Comparison between the Ultramafic Delitzsch Complex and the active part of the Eger Rift: interaction between fracture tectonics, migration of magmatic fluids and the structure of the seismogenic crust. Mitteilungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines für Steiermark 132:14–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Kämpf H, Bräuer K, Schumann J, Hahne K, Strauch G (2013) CO2 discharge in an active, non-volcanic continental rift area (Czech Republic): characterisation (δ13C, 3He/4He) and quantification of diffuse and vent CO2 emissions. Chem Geol 339:71–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kissel C, Laj C, Sigurdsson H, Guillou H (2010) Emplacement of magma in Eastern Iceland dikes: Insights from magnetic fabric and rock magnetic analyses. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 191:79–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korn M, Funke S, Wendt S (2008) Seismicity and seismotectonics of west Saxony, Germany—new insights from recent seismicity observed with the Saxonian network. Stud Geophys Geod 52:479–492

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kroner C, Jahr T, Kämpf H, Geissler WH (2006) Der “Tuffschlot” bei Ebersbrunn/Westsachsen, der partiell erodierte Rest eines Maar-Diatrem Vulkans. Z Geol Wiss 34:143–157 (in German with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krüger JC, Romer RL, Kämpf H (2013) Late Cretaceous ultramafic lamprophyres and carbonatites from the Delitzsch Complex, Germany. Chem Geol 353:140–150. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.09.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kvaček Z, Teodoridis V (2007) Tertiary macrofloras of the Bohemian Massif: a review with correlations within Boreal and Central Europe. Bull Geosci 82:383–408

    Google Scholar 

  • Lattard D, Engelmann R, Kontny A, Sauerzapf U (2006) Curie temperature of synthetic titanomagnetites in the Fe–Ti–O system: effects of composition, crystal chemistry, and thermomagnetic methods. J Geophys Res 111:B12S28. doi:10.1029/2006JB004591

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindner H, Käppler R, Stanek K (2003) Magnetische Erkundung von Basalten in der nördlichen Oberlausitz. Z Geol Wiss 31:385–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindner H, Gabriel G, Götze H-J, Keppler R, Suhr P (2006) Geophysical and geological investigation of maar structures in the upper Lusetia region (East Saxony). Zeitschrift der deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 157:355–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz V (1986) On the growth of maars and diatremes and its relevance to the formation of tuff rings. Bull Volcanol 48:265–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz V, Suhr P, Goth K (2003) Maar-diatreme volcanism—causes and consequences. The Guttau Volcano Group in eastern Saxony as an example for the complex processes and relationships. Z Geol Wiss 31:267–312 (in German with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz V, Kurszlaukis S (2007) Root zone processes in the phreatomagmatic pipe emplacement model and consequences for the evolution of maar-diatremevolcanoes. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 159:4–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matthes H, Kroner C, Jahr T, Kämpf H (2010) Geophysical modelling of the Ebersbrunn diatreme, western Saxony, Germany. Near Surface Geophysics 8:311–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Mrlina J, Cajz V (2006) Subsurface structure of the volcanic centre of the České Středohoří Mts., North Bohemia, determined by geophysical surveys. Stud Geophys Geod 50:75–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mrlina J, Kämpf H, Kroner C, Mingram J, Stebich M, Brauer A, Geissler WH, Kallmeyer J, Matthes H, Seidel M (2009) Discovery of the first Quaternary maar in the Bohemian Massif, Central Europe, based on combined geophysical and geological surveys. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 182:97–112. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neunhöfer H, Hemmann A (2005) Earthquake swarms in the Vogtland/Western Bohemia region: Spatial distribution and magnitude–frequency distribution as an indication of the genesis of swarms? J Geodyn 39:361–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nitzsche T (2007) Origin of magnetic anomalies in pyroclastic rocks of the Messel volcano: insights into a maar-diatreme-structure. Dissertation, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg

  • Nitzsche T, Rolf C, de Wall H (2006) Origin of magnetic anomalies in volcaniclastic units of the Messel maar-diatreme (Germany). Zeitschrift der deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 157:373–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowaczyk NR (2003) Detailed study on the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of arctic marine sediments. Geophys J Int 152:302–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Özdemir Ö, Dunlop DJ, Moskowitz BM (1993) The effect of oxidation on the Verwey transition in magnetite. Geophys Res Lett 20:1671–1674

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer HC, MacDonald WD, Gromme CS, Ellwood BB (1996) Magnetic properties and emplacement of the Bishop tuff, California. Bull Volcanol 58:101–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pan Y, Zhu R, Liu Q, Guo B (1999) Magnetic susceptibility variation and AMS exchange related to thermal treatment of siderite. Chin Sci Bull 44:1135–1139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirrung M, Fischer C, Büchel G, Gaupp R, Lutz H, Neuffer F-O (2003) Lithofacies succession of maar crater deposits in the Eifel area (Germany). Terra Nova 15:125–132

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rochette P, Jackson M, Aubourg C (1992) Rock magnetism and the interpretation of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Rev Geophys 30:209–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohrmüller J (2003) Die Forschungsbohrung Bayerhof—die Erkundung eines tertiären Maars im Steigerwald, Oberpfalz (NE Bayern). Geologica Bavarica 107:215–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Ron H, Nowaczyk NR, Frank U, Schwab MJ, Naumann R, Striewski B, Agnon A (2007) Greigite detected as dominating remanence carrier in Late Pleistocene sediments, Lisan formation, from Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), Israel. Geophys J Int 170:117–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Šantrůćek P, Králík F, Kvičinský Z, Opletal M (1991) Geological map, scale 1:50.000, Czech Geological Survey.

  • Schüller I, Kämpf H, Schmidt A, Flechsig C, Jahr T (2012) Petrographic and thermochronometric investigation of the diatreme breccia of the Ebersbrunn Diatreme—W Saxony, Germany. In: Arentsen K, Németh K, Smid E (eds) 4th International Maar Conference a multidisciplinary congress on monogenetic volcanism, Auckland New Zealand, 20–24 February 2012, Abstract Volume, p. 139–140, ISBN: 978-1-877480-15-7.

  • Schulz R, Buness H, Gabriel G, Pucher R, Rolf C, Wiederhold H, Wonik T (2005) Detailed investigation of preserved maar structures by combined geophysical surveys. Bull Volcanol 68:95–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seifert W, Kämpf H, Wasternack J (2000) Compositional variation in apatite, hlogopite, and other accessory minerals of the ultramafic Delitzsch complex, Germany: implications for cooling history of carbonatites. Lithos 53:81–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skácelová Z, Rapprich V, Valenta J, Hartvich F, Šrámek J, Radoň M, Gaždová R, Nováková L, Kolínský P, Pécskay Z (2010) Geophysical research on structure of partly eroded maar volcanoes: Miocene Hnojnice and Oligocene Rychnov volcanoes (northern Czech Republic). J Geosci 55:333–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Suhr P, Goth K (2008) Tertiäre Maare. In: Pälchen W, Walter H (eds) Geologie von Sachsen. Schweitzerbart, Stuttgart, pp 484–486

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarling DH, Hrouda F (1993) The magnetic anisotropy of rocks. Chapman and Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrych J, Lloyd FE, Balogh K (2003) Age relations and geochemical constraints of Cenozoic alkaline volcanic series in W Bohemia: a review. Geolines 15:168–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrych J, Dostal J, Adamovič J, Jelínek E, Špaček P, Hegner E, Balogh K (2011) Recurrent Cenozoic volcanic activity in the Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic). Lithos 123:133–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White JDL, Ross P-S (2011) Maar-diatreme volcanoes: a review. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 201:1–29. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.01.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood CA (1974) Reconnaissance geophysics and geology of the Pinacate Craters, Sonora, Mexico. Bull Volcanol 38:149–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

First of all, the authors would like to dedicate this paper to W. Jäger and K. Hoth who preserved the drill cores during the political change in the late 1980s and early 1990s in East Germany. We would like to thank D. Markwart and H. Matthes who aquired geomagnetic and gravimetric field data. We would also like to express our gratitude to C. Kroner (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig) for the initial surveys prior to our measurements. All the staff of GFZ Potsdam who helped in this project, especially H. Liep, S. Gehrmann and T. Nickschick, are kindly thanked for their work. Sincere thanks to P. Suhr, M. Lapp, P. Wolf and H. J. Berger from the Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie for the access and the possibility to sample the drill cores as well as for the critical and stimulating discussions. A. Hiller (geological archive of the Wismut GmbH, Chemnitz) is thanked for literature research. This study was founded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), Project KA 902/17-1, JA 542/21-1 and the Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ. We thank journal reviewers Helga de Wall and Conall Mac Niocaill for helpful comments. We also thank very much the handling editor Pierre-Simon Ross for his critical comments that helped us to improve the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Geophysik und Geologie, Universität Leipzig, Talstraße 35, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    Alina Schmidt & Christina Flechsig

  2. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Helmholz-Zentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Norbert Nowaczyk, Horst Kämpf & Irka Schüller

  3. Institute for Geosciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, PF 07737, Jena, Germany

    Thomas Jahr

Authors
  1. Alina Schmidt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Norbert Nowaczyk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Horst Kämpf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Irka Schüller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Christina Flechsig
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Thomas Jahr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alina Schmidt.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: P.-S. Ross, Guest Editor

This paper constitutes part of a topical collection:

Smith IEM, Nemeth K, and Ross P-S (eds) Monogenetic volcanism and its relevance to the evolution of volcanic fields.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schmidt, A., Nowaczyk, N., Kämpf, H. et al. Origin of magnetic anomalies in the large Ebersbrunn diatreme, W Saxony, Germany. Bull Volcanol 75, 766 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0766-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0766-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation