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Mafic enclaves in the rhyolitic products of Lipari historical eruptions; relationships with the coeval Vulcano magmas (Aeolian Islands, Italy)

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Abstract

The recent finding of mafic enclaves in the Rocche Rosse (RR) lava flow, the last magmatic product on Lipari (Aeolian Islands, Italy) (AD 1230 ± 40), opens the possibility to investigate in detail the most recent magmatic system of the island, an important issue for the volcanic hazard assessment of the area. The RR lava flow is an aphyric rhyolitic coulée consisting of grey and black pumice and black and grey obsidian. Enclaves have ellipsoidal to spheroidal shape and vary from mm-sized in the central portion of the flow, to cm-sized, at the top and in the flow front, where they are also more abundant. Enclaves are shoshonitic-latitic (group A) and trachytic (group B) in composition. The mineralogy of group A consists of dominant clinopyroxene crystals with minor abundance of feldspar (plagioclase > K-feldspar), olivine and biotite, while group B is composed of feldspar (K-feldspar > plagioclase) with minor clinopyroxene, olivine and biotite. Geochemical modeling suggests that the host rhyolitic rocks could be the product of AFC (Assimilation plus Fractional Crystallization) of a magma compositionally similar to the associated shoshonitic-latitic enclaves, which, in turn, could be obtained, through an AFC process, from the primitive melts erupted as olivine hosted melt inclusions during the last 15 ka at Vulcano. The already-known last 42 ka relationship between Lipari and Vulcano Islands is here reinforced until historical time, especially for the last 1 ka. The geochemical and petrological overlap between Lipari and Vulcano is interpreted to reflect the existence of a similar magmatic system underneath the two islands. The nearly aphyric RR rhyolites are interpreted to be the products of a superheated (temperature far above the liquidus) and initially water-undersaturated magma that underwent degassing close to the surface inhibiting microlite crystallization.

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Acknowledgements

M.D. was supported by an italian PhD fellowship. The work performed at Hannover was supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG project Ho 1337/17). M. D. is grateful to her PhD tutor R. Cristofolini. The authors acknowledge O. Diedrich, M. Johansson from the Leibniz University of Hannover, M. Cuscino, M. Davoli, U. Lanzafame from the University of Calabria for providing technical assistance. H. Behrens is acknowledged for supervising the FTIR analyses. Two anonymous reviewers and the editorial handling of Raffaello Cioni are thanked for comments and suggestions that helped to improve and clarify this manuscript. A special thank to G. Ventura.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra via P. Bucci, I-87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy

    Marcella Davì & R. De Rosa

  2. Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3, D-30167, Hannover, Germany

    F. Holtz

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  1. Marcella Davì
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  2. R. De Rosa
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Correspondence to Marcella Davì.

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Editorial responsibility: R. Cioni

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Appendix A

Appendix A

Analytical techniques

Optical microscopy was used to characterize both the rhyolitic matrix and the two populations of enclaves. Whole rock major (i.e. SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fetot, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5) and some trace elements (i.e. Ni, Cr, V, Co, Nb, Zr, Y, Sr and Rb) (Table 1) were analyzed at the University of Calabria by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and corrected for matrix effects using the method described by Franzini et al. (1975). Fe++ content was measured by titration and volatiles by L.O.I. (Loss On Ignition). Trace element concentrations of selected whole rock samples (ca. 40 elements) were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS) at the SGS laboratories (Canada). Data are considered accurate to within ±5% (Table 2).

Microanalysis of mineral phases and glasses was carried out with an electron microprobe (EPM) CAMECA SX100 at the Leibniz University of Hannover equipped with WDS and EDS (Supplementary material and Table 3). Instrumental conditions were an accelerating voltage of 15 kV and a beam current of 10 nA. A beam current of 4 nA was used for glass analyses. In glasses and in crystals of feldspar, a defocused beam of 10 μm was used to minimize the loss of alkalis and Na analysed first.

The water content in obsidian samples was measured by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy on doubly polished glass slabs of 60 μm thickness at the Leibniz University of Hannover (Table 5). A Bruker IFS88 Fourier Transform Spectrometer equipped with an IR microscope (Bruker Irscope II) was used to obtain FTIR spectra in the mid-infrared (MIR) region. The total water H2O content of the glasses was determined by measuring the peak height of absorption spectra near 3550 cm−1 (first band of OH group, belonging to hydroxyl group OH- and molecular water H2Om). The selected area was typically 20–30 μm wide and 100–150 μm long. 100 scans were accumulated for each spectrum with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1. Total water contents were calculated using the Lambert-Beer law and a linear molar absorption coefficient for the 3550 cm−1 band of 80 L mol−1 cm−1 (Leschik et al. 2004). Sample thickness was determined with a precision of ±2 μm using a Mitutoyo micrometer and the density was measured by buoyancy method, weighting single glass pieces in air and in water and using quartz as standard.

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Davì, M., De Rosa, R. & Holtz, F. Mafic enclaves in the rhyolitic products of Lipari historical eruptions; relationships with the coeval Vulcano magmas (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Bull Volcanol 72, 991–1008 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0376-5

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