Skip to main content
Log in

A consistent terminology for quantifying species diversity?

  • Views and Comments
  • Published:
Oecologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

There is a genuine need for consensus on a clear terminology in the study of species diversity given that the nature of the components of diversity is the subject of an ongoing debate and may be the key to understanding changes in ecosystem processes. A recent and thought-provoking paper (Jurasinski et al. Oecologia 159:15–26, 2009) draws attention to the lack of precision with which the terms alpha, beta, and gamma diversity are used and proposes three new terms in their place. While this valuable effort may improve our understanding of the different facets of species diversity, it still leaves us far from achieving a consistent terminology. As such, the conceptual contribution of these authors is limited and does little to elucidate the facets of species diversity. It is, however, a good starting point for an in-depth review of the available concepts and methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson MJ, Ellingsen KE, McArdle BH (2006) Multivariate dispersion as a measure of beta diversity. Ecol Lett 9:683–693

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baselga A (2010) Partitioning the turnover and nestedness components of beta diversity. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 19:134–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blackburn TM, Gaston KJ (1996) The distribution of bird species in the New World: patterns in species turnover. Oikos 77:46–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley LB, Jetz W (2008) Linking global turnover of species and environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:17836–17841

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cornell HV, Lawton JH (1992) Species interactions, local and regional processes, and limits to the richness of ecological communities: a theoretical perspective. J Anim Ecol 61:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaston KJ, Davies RG, Orme CDL, Olson VA, Thomas GH, Ding T-S, Rasmussen PC, Lennon JJ, Bennett PM, Owens IPF, Blackburn TM (2007) Spatial turnover in the global avifauna. Proc R Soc B Lond B Biol 274:1567–1574

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison S, Ross SJ, Lawton JH (1992) Beta diversity on geographic gradients in Britain. J Anim Ecol 61:151–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jost L (2007) Partitioning diversity into independent alpha and beta components. Ecology 88:2427–2439

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jost L, DeVries P, Walla T, Greeney H, Chao A, Ricotta C (2010) Partitioning diversity for conservation analyses. Divers Distrib 16:65–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jurasinski G, Retzer V, Beierkuhnlein C (2009) Inventory, differentiation, and proportional diversity: a consistent terminology for quantifying species diversity. Oecologia 159:15–26

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koleff P, Gaston KJ, Lennon JJ (2003) Measuring beta diversity for presence–absence data. J Anim Ecol 72:367–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kullman L (2009) High species turnover and decreasing plant species richness on mountain summits in Sweden: reindeer grazing overrides climate change? Comment. Arct Antarct Alp Res 41:151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laliberté E, Paquette A, Legendre P, Bouchard A (2009) Assessing the scale-specific importance of niches and other spatial processes on beta diversity: a case study from a temperate forest. Oecologia 159:377–388

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Legendre P, Legendre L (1998) Numerical ecology (2nd edn). Developments in environmental modelling, vol 20. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Legendre P, Borcard D, Peres-Neto PR (2005) Analyzing beta diversity: partitioning the spatial variation of community composition data. Ecol Monogr 75:435–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Magurran AE (2004) Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell, Malden

    Google Scholar 

  • Pélissier R, Couteron P (2007) An operational, additive framework for species diversity partitioning and beta-diversity analysis. J Ecol 95:294–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pélissier R, Couteron P, Dray S (2008) Analyzing or explaining beta diversity? Comment. Ecology 89:3227–3232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pharo EJ, Beattie AJ, Binns D (1999) Vascular plant diversity as a surrogate for bryophyte and lichen diversity. Conserv Biol 13:282–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenzweig ML (1995) Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tuomisto H, Ruokolainen K (2006) Analyzing or explaining beta diversity? Understanding the targets of different methods of analysis. Ecology 87:2697–2708

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vellend M (2001) Do commonly used indices of beta-diversity measure species turnover? J Veg Sci 12:545–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker RH (1960) Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecol Monogr 30:279–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker RH (1977) Evolution of species diversity in land communities. In: Hecht MK, Steere WC, Wallace B (eds) Evolutionary biology, vol 10. Plenum Press, New York, pp 1–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker RJ, Willis KJ, Field R (2001) Scale and species richness: towards a general, hierarchical theory of species diversity. J Biogeogr 28:453–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson MV, Shmida A (1984) Measuring beta diversity with presence–absence data. J Ecol 72:1055–1064

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank many friends for spending a great deal of time with us in fruitful discussions about species diversity, and Bianca Delfosse for improving the English. This paper is a result of projects 95828 FOMIX CONACYT–HIDALGO and 84127 SEP-CONACYT Basic Science.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pilar Rodríguez.

Additional information

Communicated by Roland Brandl.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Moreno, C.E., Rodríguez, P. A consistent terminology for quantifying species diversity?. Oecologia 163, 279–282 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1591-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1591-7

Keywords

Navigation