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Shrub spatial aggregation and consequences for reproductive success

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Abstract

To link spatial patterns and ecological processes, we analysed the distribution of two shrub species (one large and dominant, the other smaller) and estimated the reproductive consequences of their distribution for the smaller species. We tested the significance of the spatial distribution pattern of the two shrubs by second-order bivariate point pattern analysis (Ripley's K function). Performance of Asparagus albus, the smaller shrub, was measured as (1) survival of transplanted seedlings in two contrasting habitats: patches of the dominant shrub (Ziziphus lotus), and open interspaces; and (2) reproductive output of plants naturally occurring in both habitats. The two species were significantly aggregated. Transplanted Asparagus albus seedlings had higher survival rates in patches than in the open. Plants produced more flowers, fruits, and showed a higher mass of seeds when living in aggregates than when isolated. The mechanisms responsible for this facilitative effect seem to be related to soil enrichment in patches. These results suggest that the spatial aggregation of species can be indicative of a positive interaction among them, directly affecting fitness of at least one of the species. Facilitation, by inducing variations in the reproductive performance may play a major role in the demography and dynamics of plant populations.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Juan Miguel Requena Mullor and Eduardo Narbona Fernández for helpful field assistance and stimulating discussions. Carlos M. Herrera, Chris Lortie and Michele Faisey made valuable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Financial support was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (AMB98–1108-C04–01 and REN2001/1544-GLO).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, C/ General Segura 1, 04001 , Almería, Spain

    Reyes Tirado & Francisco I. Pugnaire

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  1. Reyes Tirado
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  2. Francisco I. Pugnaire
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Correspondence to Reyes Tirado.

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Tirado, R., Pugnaire, F.I. Shrub spatial aggregation and consequences for reproductive success. Oecologia 136, 296–301 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1264-x

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