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Mechanisms of prion-induced toxicity

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Abstract

Prion diseases are devastating neurodegenerative diseases caused by the structural conversion of the normally benign prion protein (PrPC) to an infectious, disease-associated, conformer, PrPSc. After decades of intense research, much is known about the self-templated prion conversion process, a phenomenon which is now understood to be operative in other more common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we provide the current state of knowledge concerning a relatively poorly understood aspect of prion diseases: mechanisms of neurotoxicity. We provide an overview of proposed functions of PrPC and its interactions with other extracellular proteins in the central nervous system, in vivo and in vitro models used to delineate signaling events downstream of prion propagation, the application of omics technologies, and the emerging appreciation of the role played by non-neuronal cell types in pathogenesis.

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Funding

Work in the Harris laboratory is supported by grants from the Department of Defense (W81XWH-21–1-0141 to RCCM) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH R01 NS065244 to DAH).

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    Robert C. C. Mercer & David A. Harris

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Mercer, R.C.C., Harris, D.A. Mechanisms of prion-induced toxicity. Cell Tissue Res 392, 81–96 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-022-03683-0

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