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Immunohistochemical mapping of histamine, dopamine, and serotonin in the central nervous system of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea; Maxillopoda; Copepoda)

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Abstract

Calanoid copepods constitute an important group of marine planktonic crustaceans that often dominate the metazoan biomass of the world’s oceans. In proportion to their ecological importance, little is known about their nervous systems. We have used immunohistochemical techniques in a common North Atlantic calanoid to localize re-identifiable neurons that putatively contain the biogenic amines histamine, dopamine, and serotonin. We have found low numbers of such cells and cell groups (approximately 37 histamine pairs, 22 dopamine pairs, and 12 serotonin pairs) compared with those in previously described crustaceans. These cells are concentrated in the anterior part of the central nervous system, the majority for each amine being located in the three neuromeres that constitute the brain (protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, and tritocerebrum). Extensive histamine labeling occurs in several small compact protocerebral neuropils, three pairs of larger, more posterior, paired, dense neuropils, and one paired diffuse tritocerebral neuropil. The most concentrated neuropil showing dopamine labeling lies in the putative deutocerebrum, associated with heavily labeled commissural connections between the two sides of the brain. The most prominent serotonin neuropil is present in the anterior medial part of the brain. Tracts of immunoreactive fibers of all three amines are prominent in the cephalic region of the nervous system, but some projections into the most posterior thoracic regions have also been noted.

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Acknowledgements

We greatly appreciate the advice and/or assistance provided by Dr. Barbara Beltz, Ms. Jeannie Benton, Mr. Daniel Burdick, Ms. Tina Weatherby Carvalho, Dr. Petra Lenz, Ms. Elizabeth Mitchell, and two anonymous reviewers. We thank Andrew Peterson and the College of the Atlantic for assistance in collecting animals. We are also grateful to the Biological Electron Microscope Facility at PBRC and to the Imaging Center of the MDIBL for providing confocal microscope facilities.

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  1. Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center (PBRC), University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

    Daniel K. Hartline

  2. Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory (MDIBL), P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA

    Daniel K. Hartline & Andrew E. Christie

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  1. Daniel K. Hartline
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  2. Andrew E. Christie
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Correspondence to Daniel K. Hartline.

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This work was supported by an NSF grant (no. 0451376 to P. Lenz). A. Christie received support from an MDIBL New Investigator award (provided through the Salisbury Cove Research Fund of the Thomas H. Maren Foundation), from MDIBL institutional funds, and from funds provided by the Cades Foundation (Honolulu).

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Hartline, D.K., Christie, A.E. Immunohistochemical mapping of histamine, dopamine, and serotonin in the central nervous system of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea; Maxillopoda; Copepoda). Cell Tissue Res 341, 49–71 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-010-0974-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-010-0974-8

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