Abstract
We previously demonstrated that tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis, was commonly present in the brains of some insects. The current study was aimed at determining the number of serotonergic neurons in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of adult Drosophila melanogaster and to investigate further the differences in immunoreactivity between 5-HT and TPH. Brain sections of Drosophila were immunostaind with sheep anti-TPH polyclonal antibody and rabbit anti-5-HT antiserum. The 5-HT-like immunoreactive neurons were also immunoreactive for TPH and bilaterally symmetrical; 83 neurons were found in each hemisphere of the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of adult Drosophila. This technique of colocalizing 5-HT and TPH revealed a larger number of serotonergic neurons in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion than that previous reported, thus updating our knowledge of the 5-HT neuronal system of Drosophila.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ali DW, Orchard I, Lange AB (1993) The aminergic control of locust (Locusta migratoria) salivary gland: evidence for dopaminergic and serotonergic innervation. J Insect Physiol 39:623–632
Bao X, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Xia Y, Song C (1999) CP embedding agent and its application to the serial section of the body wall tissue of insects. Chin Sci Bull 44:1021–1024
Bao X, Tian X, Hu X, Zhao Z, Qu Y, Song C (2006) Discovery of specific tryptophan hydroxylase in the brain of the beetle Harmonia axyridis. Brain Res 1073–1074:202–208
Bao X, Tian X, Zhao Z, Qu Y, Wang B, Zhang J, Liu T, Yang L, Lv J, Song C (2008) Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of tryptophan hydroxylase in the brains of insects as revealed by sheep anti-tryptophan hydroxylase polyclonal antibody. Cell Tissue Res 332:555–563
Bender DA, Joseph MH, Kochen W, Steinhart H (1987) Progress in tryptophan and serotonin research II. Proceedings of ISTRY-86, 5th Meeting of the International Study Group for Tryptophan Research. de Gruyter, Berlin
Coleman CM, Neckameyer WS (2004) Substrate regulation of serotonin and dopamine synthesis in Drosophila. Invert Neurosci 5:85–96
Coleman CM, Neckameyer WS (2005) Serotonin synthesis by two distinct enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster. Arch Insect Biochem Phys 59:12–31
Dacks AM, Christensen TA, Hildebrand JG (2006) Phylogeny of a serotonin-immunoreactive neuron in the primary olfactory center of the insect brain. J Comp Neurol 498:727–746
Davis NT (1987) Neurosecretory neurons and their projections to the serotonin neurohemal system of the cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.), and identification of mandibular and maxillary motor neurons associated with this system. J Comp Neurol 259:604–621
Hamasaka Y, Nässel DR (2006) Mapping of serotonin, dopamine, and histamine in relation to different clock neurons in the brain of Drosophila. J Comp Neurol 494:314–330
Homberg U (1994) Distribution of neurotransmitters in the insect brain. Prog Zool 40:301–306
Homberg U, Hildebrand JG (1989) Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the median protocerebrum and suboesophageal ganglion of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta. Cell Tissue Res 258:1–24
Klemm N, Steinbusch HWM, Sundler F (1984) Distribution of serotonin-containing neurons and their pathways in the supraoesophageal ganglion of the cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) as revealed by immunocytochemistry. J Comp Neurol 225:387–395
Lange AB (2004) A neurohormonal role for serotonin in the control of locust oviducts. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 56:179–190
Leitinger G, Pabst MA, Kral K (1999) Serotonin-immunoreactive neurones in the visual system of the praying mantis: an immunohistochemical, confocal laser scanning and electron microscopic study. Brain Res 823:11–23
Nässel DR (1988) Serotonin and serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the nervous system of insects. Prog Neurobiol 30:1–85
Neckameyer WS, Coleman CM, Eadie S, Goodwin SF (2007) Compartmentalization of neuronal and peripheral serotonin synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Genes Brain Behav 6:756–769
Severson CA, Wang W, Pieribone VA, Dohle CI, Richerson GB (2003) Midbrain serotoninergic neurons are central pH chemoreceptors. Nat Neurosci 6:1139–1140
Siju KP, Hansson BS, Ignell R (2008) Immunocytochemical localization of serotonin in the central and peripheral chemosensory system of mosquitoes. Arthropod Struct Dev 37:248–259
Valles AM, White K (1988) Serotonin-containing neurons in Drosophila melanogaster: development and distribution. J Comp Neurol 268:414–428
Walther DJ, Bader M (2003) A unique central tryptophan hydroxylase isoform. Biochem Pharmacol 66:1673–1680
Walther DJ, Peter JU, Bashammakh S, Hörtnagl H, Voits M, Fink H, Bader M (2003) Synthesis of serotonin by a second tryptophan hydroxylase isoform. Science 299:76
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Wulfila Gronenberg for critically reading the manuscript and making suggestions for its modification.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 30470546) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (grant no. 20030550-7).
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
ESM 1
(DOC 10.6 MB)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bao, X., Wang, B., Zhang, J. et al. Localization of serotonin/tryptophan-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of Drosophila melanogaster . Cell Tissue Res 340, 51–59 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-010-0932-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-010-0932-5