Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences capable of transpositions within the genome and thus exerting a considerable influence on the genome functioning and structure and serving as a source of new genes. TE biodiversity studies in previously unexplored species are important for the fundamental understanding of the TE influence on eukaryotic genomes. TEs are classified into retrotransposons and DNA transposons. IS630/Tc1/mariner (ITm) superfamily of DNA transposons is one of the most diverse groups broadly represented among the eukaryotes. The study of 19 mollusk genomes revealed a new group of ITm superfamily elements, which we henceforth refer to as TLEWI. These TEs are characterized by the low copy number, the lack of terminal inverted repeats, the catalytic domain with DD36E signature and the presence of spliceosomal introns in transposase coding sequence. Their prevalence among the mollusks is limited to the class Bivalvia. Since TLEWI possess the features of domesticated TE and structures similar to the eukaryotic genes which are not typical for the DNA transposons, we consider the hypothesis of co-optation of TLEWI gene by the bivalves. The results of our study will fill the gap of knowledge about the prevalence, activity, and evolution of the ITm DNA transposons in multicellular genomes and will facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms of TE domestication by the host genome.
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Abbreviations
- bp:
-
Base pair
- aa:
-
Amino acid
- TE:
-
Transposable element
- ORF:
-
Open reading frame
- TIR:
-
Terminal inverted repeats
- SIR:
-
Subterminal inverted repeats
- TSD:
-
Target site duplication
- TLE :
-
Tc1-Like element
- MLE:
-
mariner-Like element
- WGS:
-
Whole-genome shotgun sequences
- TSA:
-
Transcriptome shotgun assembly
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Eric Odle (Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University) for carefully reading and improving the manuscript.
Funding
This study was funded by the Russian Academy of Sciences research grant no AAAA-A18-118021490093-4.
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Puzakov M. V. declares that he has no conflict of interest. Puzakova L. V. declares that she has no conflict of interest. Cheresiz S. V. declares that he has no conflict of interest.
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Puzakov, M.V., Puzakova, L.V. & Cheresiz, S.V. The Tc1-like elements with the spliceosomal introns in mollusk genomes. Mol Genet Genomics 295, 621–633 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-020-01645-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-020-01645-1