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Where are the sensory organs of Nybelinia surmenicola (Trypanorhyncha)? A comparative analysis with Parachristianella sp. and other trypanorhynchean cestodes

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Abstract

The sensory organs in tegument of two trypanorhynchean species—Nybelinia surmenicola (plerocercoid) and adult Parachristianella sp. (Cestoda, Trypanorhyncha)—were studied with the aim of ultrastructural description and a comparative analysis. The Nybelinia surmenicola plerocercoid lacks papillae with sensory cilia on the bothria adhesive surface. We found an unciliated sensory organ within the median bothria fold. This unciliated free nerve ending contains the central electron-dense disc, three dense supporting rings, and broad root. The nerve ending locates in the basal matrix under the tegument. The tegument of N. surmenicola has a number of ultrastructural features which make it significantly different from other Trypanorhyncha: (i) the tegumental cytoplasm has a plicated constitution in a form of high apical and deep basal folds, (ii) numerous layers of the basal matrix are presented in the subtegument, and (iii) the squamiform and bristlelike microtriches N. surmenicola lack the base and the basal plate. In contrast, numerous ciliated and unciliated receptors were found in Parachristianella sp.: six types on the bothria and one type in the strobila tegument. Ultrastructural constitution of sensory organs in the form of ciliated free nerve endings as well as unciliated basal nerve endings of Parachristianella sp. has many common features inside Eucestoda. In comparison with other Trypanorhyncha, all Nybelinia species studied have less quantity of the bothrial sensory organs. This fact may reflect behavioral patterns of Nybelinia as well as phylogenetic position into Trypanorhyncha. Our observations of living animals conventionally demonstrate the ability of N. surmenicola plerocercoids to locomote in forward direction on the Petri dish surface. The participation of the bothrial microtriches in a parasite movement has been discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Fundamental Researches (I.I.G. grant № 14-01-31950; J.V.K. grant № 5-04-03785; N.M.B. grant 15-04-0264515) and the Program of Leading Scientific Schools (1801.2014.4). Electron microscopy investigations were supported by the Russian Scientific Fund (14-50-00029). We are grateful to S. Metelev (Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters) and A. Bogdanov (Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Moscow State University) for the technical assistance. We thank Prof. Dr. H.-J. Pflüger (Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie - Neurobiologie, Berlin, Germany) for consultations and remarks.

Compliance with ethics requirements

We carefully reviewed the ethical standards of the journal and we hereby certify that the procedures used with the investigated species comply fully with those standards. Author’s contribution: N.M.B. and I.I.G. collected parasites; ultrastuctural investigation performed by N.M.B., I.I.G., J.V.K.; the text writing – N.M.B., I.I.G., J.V.K. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    Natalia M. Biserova

  2. Laboratory of Arctic and Antarctic, Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 107140, Moscow, Russia

    Ilya I. Gordeev

  3. Department of Ecological Parasitology, I.D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, 152742, Borok, Yaroslavl, Russia

    Janetta V. Korneva

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  1. Natalia M. Biserova
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  2. Ilya I. Gordeev
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Correspondence to Janetta V. Korneva.

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Biserova, N.M., Gordeev, I.I. & Korneva, J.V. Where are the sensory organs of Nybelinia surmenicola (Trypanorhyncha)? A comparative analysis with Parachristianella sp. and other trypanorhynchean cestodes. Parasitol Res 115, 131–141 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4728-0

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