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Scanning electron microscopy of antennal sensory organs of the cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Diptera: Oestridae)

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Abstract

Hypoderma lineatum (Villers, 1789) (Diptera: Oestridae) is a hypodermosis fly that has resulted in great economic losses worldwide. The antennae of cattle grub males and females were examined through stereoscopic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to reveal the general morphology, combined with distribution, type, size, and ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla. All of the three antennal segments (antennal scape, pedicel, and funiculus) possess microtrichiae on their surface. Mechanoreceptors only exist on the antennal scape and pedicel. The antennal funiculus presents four types of antennal sensilla: trichoid, basiconic, coeloconic, and clavate sensilla. Three distinctive characters of H. lineatum are obvious: (1) the relatively slender, flexible, and equal-height mechanoreceptors; (2) the enlarged antennal pedicel, and numerous antennal sensory pits and pit sensilla on the antennal funiculus; and (3) all types of antennal sensilla clustered in sensory pits, respectively. Additionally, the enlarged antennal pedicel and abundant sensory pits and pit sensilla might facilitate odor detection, enhance olfactory sensitivity and accuracy, and also protect the fragile antennal sensilla from mechanical irritation or damage.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. JC2015-04), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-12-0783), Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project (No. YETP0771), National Science Foundation of China (No. 31201741), and the State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council (No. 201306515009).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Key Laboratory of Non-Invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

      X. Y. Li, X. H. Liu, Y. Q. Ge & D. Zhang

    2. Department of Zoology, School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

      D. Zhang

    3. College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

      Y. Q. Ge

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    1. X. Y. Li
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    Correspondence to D. Zhang.

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    X. Y. Li, X. H. Liu, and Y. Q. Ge contributed equally to this work.

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    Li, X.Y., Liu, X.H., Ge, Y.Q. et al. Scanning electron microscopy of antennal sensory organs of the cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Diptera: Oestridae). Parasitol Res 114, 3865–3871 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4617-6

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