Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Mosquito larvicidal activities of Solanum nigrum L. leaf extract against Culex quinquefasciatus Say

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Parasitology Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study was carried out to establish the larvicidal activities of crude and solvent extracts of Solanum nigrum L. leaves against Culex quinquefasciatus Say as target species. The results indicated that the mortality rates at 0.5% concentration were highest amongst all concentrations of the crude extracts tested against all the larval instars at 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. Result of log probit analysis (at 95% confidence level) revealed that lethal concentration LC50 and LC90 values gradually decreased with the exposure periods in bioassay experiment with the crude plant extract. The results of regression analysis of crude extract of S. nigrum revealed that the mortality rate is positively correlated with the concentration of the extracts. Mature leaves of S. nigrum were also extracted with six different solvents [viz. petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v), acetone and absolute alcohol] to determine the best extractant for subsequent isolation and characterization of active ingredient. Mortality rate with ethyl acetate extract was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than other extracts when 50-ppm doses were used. The corresponding LC50 value of acetone, absolute alcohol, petroleum ether, chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v), benzene and ethyl acetate extracts were 72.91 ppm, 59.81 ppm, 54.11 ppm, 32.69 ppm, 27.95 ppm and 17.04 ppm, respectively, after 24 h of exposure period. Results of this study show that the ethyl acetate extract of S. nigrum may be considered as a potent source of a mosquito larvicidal agent.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbott WS (1925) A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entomol 18:265–266

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amer A, Mehlhorn H (2006a) Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Parasitol Res 99:478–490

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amer A, Mehlhorn H (2006b) Larvicidal effects of various essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles and Culex larvae (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 99:466–472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anees AM (2008) Larvicidal activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (Labiatae) against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Parasitol Res 103(6):1451–1453

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cai XF, Chin YW, Oh SR, Kwon OK, Ahn KS, Lee HK (2010) Anti-inflammatory constituents from Solanum nigrum. Bull Korean Chem Soc 31(1):199–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choochote W, Kanjanapothi D, Panthong A, Taesotikul T, Jitpakdi A, Chaithong U, Pitasawat B (1999) Larvicidal, adulticidal and repellent effects of Kaempferia galanga. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 30:470–476

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Choochote W, Tuetun B, Kanjanapothi D, Rattanachanpichai E, Chaithong U, Chaiwong P, Jitpakdi A, Tippawangkosol P, Riyong D, Pitasawat B (2004) Potential of crude seed extract of celery, Apium graveolens L., against the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). J Vector Ecol 340:340–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury N, Chandra G (2007) Phytochemical screening and effects of extracts of Solanum villosum Mill.(Solanales: Solanaceae) on juveniles of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Biospectra 2(2):209–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury N, Bhattacharjee I, Laskar S, Chandra G (2007) Efficacy of Solanum villosum Mill. (Solanaceae: Solanales) as a biocontrol agent against fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Turk J Zoolog 31:365–370

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury N, Ghosh A, Chandra G (2008a) Mosquito larvicidal activities of Solanum villosum berry extract against the dengue vector Stegomyia aegypti. BMC Complement Altern Med 8:10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury N, Laskar S, Chandra G (2008b) Mosquito larvicidal and antimicrobial activity of protein of Solanum villosum leaves. BMC Complement Altern Med 8:62

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Edmonds JM, Chweya JA (1997) Blake nightshades Solanum nigrum L. and related species. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy

    Google Scholar 

  • Elango G, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Kamaraj C, Zahir AA, Venkatesan C (2009) Laboratory study on larvicidal activity of indigenous plant extracts against Anopheles subpictus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Parasitol Res 104(6):1381–1388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El-Kamali HH (2001) Larvicidal activity of crude aqueous extracts of Solenostemma argel against mosquito larvae. J Herbs Spices Med Plants 8:83–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh A, Chandra G (2006) Biocontrol efficacy of Cestrum diurnum L. (Solanaceae: Solanales) against the larval forms of Anopheles stephensi. Nat Pro Res 20:371–376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh A, Chowdhury N, Chandra G (2008) Laboratory evaluation of a phytosteroid compound of mature leaves of day jasmine (Solanaceae: Solanales) against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) and nontarget organisms. Parasitol Res 103:221–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granett P (1940) Studies of mosquito repellents. II Relative performance of certain chemicals and commercially available mixtures as mosquito repellent. J Econ Entomol 33:566–572

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A (2008) Antifeedant and larvicidal effects of plant extracts against Spodoptera litura (F.), Aedes aegypti L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Parasitol Res 103(2):325–531

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lixin S, Huiqin D, Chongxia G, Jin Q, Jing S, Lei M, Changliang Z (2006) Larvicidal activity of extracts of Ginkgo biloba exocarp for three different strains of Culex pipiens pallens. J Med Entomol 43(2):258–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madhumathy AP, Aivazi AA, Vijayan VA (2007) Larvicidal efficacy of Capsicum annum against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. J Vect Borne Dis 44:223–226

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matasyoh JC, Wathuta EM, Kairuki ST, Chepkorir R, Kavulani J (2008) Aloe plant extracts as alternative larvicides for mosquito control. Afr J Biotech 7(7):912–915

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raghavendra K, Singh SP, Subbarao Sarala K, Dash AP (2009) Laboratory studies on mosquito larvicidal efficacy of aqueous & hexane extracts of dried fruit of Solanum nigrum Linn. Indian J Med Res 130:74–77

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahuman AA, Gopalakrishnan G, Venkatesan P, Geetha K (2007) Larvicidal activity of some Euphorbiaceae plant extracts against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 102(7):867–873

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahuman AA, Gopalakrishnan G, Venkatesan P, Geetha K (2008) Isolation and identification of mosquito larvicidal compound from Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet. Parasitol Res 102(5):981–988

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saleem MTS, Chetty CM, Ramkanth S, Rajan VST, Kumar KM, Gauthaman K (2010) Hepatoprotective herbs—a review. Int J Res Pharm Sci 1(1):1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Senthil Nathan S, Hisham A, Jayakumar G (2008) Larvicidal and growth inhibition of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi by triterpenes from Dysoxylum malabaricum and Dysoxylum beddomei. Fitoterapia 79(2):106–111

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaalan EAS, Canyon DV, Younes MWF, Abdel-Wahab H, Mansour AH (2005) Synergistic efficacy of botanical blends with and without synthetic insecticides against Aedes aegypti and Culex annulirostris mosquitoes. J Vector Ecol 30(2):284–288

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sosan MB, Adewoyin FB, Adewunmi CO (2001) Larvicidal properties of three indigenous plant oils on the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Nigerian J Nat Prod Med 5:30–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumroiphon S, Yuwaree C, Arunlertaree C, Komalamisra N, Rongsriyam Y (2006) Bioactivity of citrus seed for mosquito-borne diseases larval control. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 37(suppl 3):123–127

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas TG, Rao S, Lal S (2004) Mosquito larvicidal properties of essential oil of an indigenous plant, Ipomoea cairica Linn. Japanese J Infect Dis 57:176–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Vineetha A, Murugan K (2009) Larvicidal and smoke repellency effect of Toddalia asiatica and Aegle marmelos against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Insecta: Diptera:Culicidae). Entomol Res 39:61–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1981) Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of mosquito larvae to insecticides. WHO/VBC/81.807. WHO, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge with thanks the financial help of DST, New Delhi, which has been extended through DST-funded Major Research project (D.O.No.SR/SO/HS/84/2007, dated: 08/02/2008).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mosquito and Microbiology Research Units, Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, 713104, West Bengal, India

    Anjali Rawani, Anupam Ghosh & Goutam Chandra

Authors
  1. Anjali Rawani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anupam Ghosh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Goutam Chandra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Goutam Chandra.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rawani, A., Ghosh, A. & Chandra, G. Mosquito larvicidal activities of Solanum nigrum L. leaf extract against Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Parasitol Res 107, 1235–1240 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1993-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-1993-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation