Abstract
Purpose
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of shorter dinner-to-bed time and post-dinner walk on ESCC risk.
Methods
A matched case–control study with 232 ESCC patients and 286 age- and gender-matched healthy controls enrolled was conducted. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI).
Results
The adjusted ORs of ESCC for subjects with shorter dinner-to-bed time (<3 h) were 2.84 (95 % CI 1.64–4.29), relative to those with longer dinner-to-bed time (≥4 h). While post-dinner walk was associated with a decreased ESCC risk (adjusted OR 0.64; 95 % CI 0.41–0.89). What’s more, when reflux symptom was added into the multivariate models, risk estimate for shorter dinner-to-bed time still remained statistically significant (p = 0.003), and risk estimate for post-dinner walk changed slightly. In the subgroup analysis stratified by post-dinner walk, subjects with shorter dinner-to-bed time experienced similar risk (adjusted ORs 2.71 vs. 2.82).
Conclusions
Shorter dinner-to-bed time is a potential risk factor for ESCC and post-dinner walk is a protective factor, providing evidence for the effect of lifestyle factors on ESCC risk.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. H. Tian (Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University) for subject recruitment. This work was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Fund (No. 2011M500531) and Science and Technology plan project of Shandong province (Grant No. 2012 GSF11852).
Conflict of interest
We declare that we have no conflict of interest.
Ethical standard
This study was approved by Qilu Hospital of Shandong University’s Ethics Review Committee and have been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants provided written informed consent.
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Qingxu Song and Hong Liu have contributed equally to this work.
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Song, Q., Liu, H., Wang, J. et al. Dinner-to-bed time and post-dinner walk: new potential independent factors in esophageal cancer development. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 140, 817–821 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-014-1613-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-014-1613-7