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BCG response prediction with cytokine gene variants and bladder cancer: where we are?

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Abstract

Purpose

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most widespread cancers afflicting men and women and also has major philosophical impact on health care worldwide. Despite elaborate characterization of the risk factors and treatment options, BC is still a major epidemiological problem worldwide and its incidence lingers to upswing each year. Over the last three decades, intravesical immunotherapy with the biological response modifier Mycobacterium bovis–Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) has been established as the most effective adjuvant treatment for averting local recurrences and tumor progression following transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Design and methods

PUBMED database was searched for articles, and manuscripts were selected that provided data regarding the correlation of BCG therapy and its response with different cytokine gene variants.

Results

It is not clear how Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) works to treat BC. It may stimulate an immune response or cause inflammation of the bladder wall that destroys cancer cells within the bladder. Lot of reports indicated the correlation of various cytokines with respect to BCG therapy in BC, but the exact mechanism is under debate.

Conclusion

Research continues to establish the most effectual strain of BCG and the best dosage schedule for the treatment for bladder cancer but, on the other hand, a very critical part of this therapy to find out the correlation of different cytokine with BCG therapy, which will give a better insights not only the mechanism but also a better therapeutic options.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Childhood Cancer, Research Institute Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA

    Hemant K. Bid

  2. Andrology and IVF Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt lake city, UT, 84108, USA

    Dinesh Kumar Ahirwar

  3. Division of Endocrinology, James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Parmeet Kaur Manchanda

  4. Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India

    Rama Devi Mittal

Authors
  1. Dinesh Kumar Ahirwar
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  2. Parmeet Kaur Manchanda
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  3. Rama Devi Mittal
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  4. Hemant K. Bid
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Rama Devi Mittal or Hemant K. Bid.

Additional information

Dinesh Kumar Ahirwar and Parmeet Kaur Manchanda contributed equally to this work.

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Ahirwar, D.K., Manchanda, P.K., Mittal, R.D. et al. BCG response prediction with cytokine gene variants and bladder cancer: where we are?. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 137, 1729–1738 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-011-1056-3

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