Abstract
Purpose
Glucocorticoids exert anti-proliferative effects in various cell types and have long been known to induce apoptosis in thymocytes. Although a few reports have described the regression of human thymoma with glucocorticoid therapy, its effects on neoplastic thymic epithelial cells (TECs) have not been reported. In the present study, we investigated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression on neoplastic TECs and the effects of glucocorticoids in vitro on the cell cycle progression of tumor cells.
Patients and methods
Thymoma specimens were obtained during surgery from 21 patients. Three of the specimens with glucocorticoid therapy were examined using the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling method. Primary tumor specimens from ten untreated thymomas were examined for GR expression by immunohistochemistry. Isolated neoplastic TECs from the remaining eight untreated thymomas were examined using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometric and cell cycle analysis.
Results
GR are expressed on neoplastic TECs as well as on non-neoplastic thymocytes in thymomas, regardless of WHO histological classification. Glucocorticoids caused an accumulation of TEC in G0/G1 phase in all cases examined (n=6), and also induced apoptosis in the three with the lowest levels of Bcl-2 expression.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that neoplastic TECs express GR and that glucocorticoids directly suppress their in vitro proliferation.
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Abbreviations
- GR:
-
Glucocorticoid receptor
- TEC:
-
Thymic epithelial cell
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Nick Willcox for critically reading the manuscript. We wish to thank Keiji Iuchi (National Kinki Central Hospital), Katsuhiro Nakagawa (Osaka Prefectural Habikino Hospital), Hajime Maeda (National Toneyama Hospital), Hirohumi Sueki (Ohtemae Hospital), Hiroto Tada (Osaka City General Hospital), Hyung-Eng Yoon (Rinku Medical Center), Akinori Akashi, Yukiyasu Takeuchi (Takarazuka City Hospital), Tetsuo Kido (Osaka Police Hospital), and Yoshitomo Okumura (Hyogo Medical University) for their submission of the specimens, and also Al Averbach for editing the manuscripts
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Funakoshi, Y., Shiono, H., Inoue, M. et al. Glucocorticoids induce G1 cell cycle arrest in human neoplastic thymic epithelial cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 131, 314–322 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-004-0646-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-004-0646-8