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Periodic limb movements during sleep are associated with a lower quality of life in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

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Abstract

The study investigates whether cortical arousals and periodic limb movements during sleep are related to daytime psychological functioning in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis with associated nocturnal polyuria. Psychological functioning is evaluated on five domains: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder—inattentive problems, quality of life, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and executive functioning. This multi-informant (parents, teachers, and children) and multi-method study included overnight video-polysomnography, questionnaires, and neuropsychological testing. Thirty children (7 girls) 6 to 16 years (mean 10.43 years, SD 3.08) were selected in a tertiary enuresis center. A high index of periodic limb movements during sleep was associated with a lower quality of life, according to the child. No significant correlations were found with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder—inattentive problems, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and executive functioning.

Conclusion: This study clarifies the relationship between sleep parameters and psychological functioning of the children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis and associated nocturnal polyuria according to the child, the parents, and the teachers. Periodic limb movements during sleep are associated with a lower quality of life of the child.

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Abbreviations

AASM:

American Academy of Sleep Medicine

ADHD:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

BRIEF:

Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function

CANTAB:

Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery

CBCL:

Child Behavior Checklist

DBDRS:

Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale

DSM-IV:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition

ICCS:

International Children’s Continence Society

MNE:

Monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis

NE:

Nocturnal enuresis

NP:

Nocturnal polyuria

PinQ:

Pediatric incontinence quality of life

PLMS:

Periodic limb movements during sleep

PSG:

Polysomnography

QoL:

Quality of life

TRF:

Teacher Report Form

WISC-III-NL:

Flemish version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children, 3rd edition

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Ethical standards

The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Board of the Ghent University Hospital (B670201212). Therefore, it has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

Written consent was obtained from all patients and their parents prior to their inclusion in the study.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Nephrology/Urology, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Charlotte Van Herzeele, Ann Raes, Luitzen-Albert Groen, Piet Hoebeke & Johan Vande Walle

  2. Pediatrics, Department of Child Neurology & Metabolism, Pediatric Sleep Center, University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Karlien Dhondt

  3. Department of Data Analysis, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Sanne Patrick Roels

Authors
  1. Charlotte Van Herzeele
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  2. Karlien Dhondt
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  3. Sanne Patrick Roels
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  4. Ann Raes
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  5. Luitzen-Albert Groen
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  6. Piet Hoebeke
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  7. Johan Vande Walle
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charlotte Van Herzeele.

Additional information

Communicated by Jaan Toelen

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Van Herzeele, C., Dhondt, K., Roels, S.P. et al. Periodic limb movements during sleep are associated with a lower quality of life in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Eur J Pediatr 174, 897–902 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-014-2474-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-014-2474-4

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