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Physical exercise increases GFAP expression and induces morphological changes in hippocampal astrocytes

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Abstract

Physical exercise has an important influence on brain plasticity, which affects the neuron–glia interaction. Astrocytes are susceptible to plasticity, and induce and stabilize synapses, regulate the concentration of various molecules, and support neuronal energy metabolism. The aim of our study was to investigate whether physical exercise is capable of altering the morphology, density and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in astrocytes from the CA1 region of rat hippocampus. Thirteen male rats were divided in two groups: sedentary (n = 6) and exercise (n = 7). The animals in the exercise group were submitted to a protocol of daily physical exercise on a treadmill for four consecutive weeks. GFAP immunoreactivity was evaluated using optical densitometry and the morphological analyses were an adaptation of Sholl’s concentric circles method. Our results show that physical exercise is capable of increasing the density of GFAP-positive astrocytes as well as the regional and cellular GFAP expression. In addition, physical exercise altered astrocytic morphology as shown by the increase observed in the degree of ramification in the lateral quadrants and in the length of the longest astrocytic processes in the central quadrants. Our data demonstrate important changes in astrocytes promoted by physical exercise, supporting the idea that these cells are involved in regulating neural activity and plasticity.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Brazilian funding agencies: Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS). Lisiani Saur was supported by an MSc scholarship from CAPES and Léder Leal Xavier and Matilde Achaval are CNPq investigators.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciências Morfofisiológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90619-900, Brazil

    Lisiani Saur, Pedro Porto Alegre Baptista, Mariana Fontoura Paim, Jocemar Ilha & Léder Leal Xavier

  2. Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul., Avenida Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-060, Brazil

    Priscylla Nunes de Senna, Patricia do Nascimento, Pamela Brambilla Bagatini & Matilde Achaval

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  1. Lisiani Saur
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  2. Pedro Porto Alegre Baptista
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Saur, L., Baptista, P.P.A., de Senna, P.N. et al. Physical exercise increases GFAP expression and induces morphological changes in hippocampal astrocytes. Brain Struct Funct 219, 293–302 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-012-0500-8

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