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Novel LMW glutenin subunit genes from wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) in relation to Glu-3 evolution

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Abstract

Four low-molecular-weight-isoleucine (LMW-i)-type and one novel chimeric (between LMW-i and LMW-methionine (m) types) low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes were characterized from wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides), designated as emmer-1 to emmer-5. All five LMW-GS genes possessed the same primary structure shared by other published LMW-GSs. The three genes emmer-1, emmer-3, and emmer-5 are similar, with the exception that emmer-3 and emmer-5 lost a few repeat motifs compared to emmer-1. Gene duplication and insertions/deletions of repeat motifs mediated through unequal crossing over may be responsible for the generation of these three Glu-3 alleles. Although the first residue of mature peptide of emmer-4 is isoleucine, it is not typical LMW-i-type LMW-GS. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that emmer-4 is located in the LMW-m subgroup, suggesting a closer relationship with LMW-m-type gene Y14104 of T. durum. Sequence alignment indicated that the emmer-4 is likely a chimeric gene generated by illegitimate recombination between LMW-i and LMW-m type. Unequal crossing over and illegitimate recombination are effective mechanisms for enriching both copy numbers and variations of LMW-GSs.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by funds from Special Fund for Forest Scientific Research in the Public Welfare (No. 201204402), the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31271707; 31000568), and the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University (2012TS009). We thank Dr. Austin Cape for careful reading.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China

    Lumin Qin, Daozheng Yang, Guangmin Xia & Shuwei Liu

  2. Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China

    Yu Liang & Lei Sun

Authors
  1. Lumin Qin
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  2. Yu Liang
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  3. Daozheng Yang
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  4. Lei Sun
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  5. Guangmin Xia
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  6. Shuwei Liu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shuwei Liu.

Additional information

Communicated by Sureshkumar Balasubramanian

Lumin Qin and Yu Liang contributed equally to this paper.

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Qin, L., Liang, Y., Yang, D. et al. Novel LMW glutenin subunit genes from wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) in relation to Glu-3 evolution. Dev Genes Evol 225, 31–37 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-014-0484-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00427-014-0484-x

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