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Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.)—from lost crop of the Incas to part of the solution to global challenges?

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Abstract

Main conclusion

The underutilized, oleaginous crop Plukenetia volubilis L. has a remarkable lipid composition and a large potential for further domestication, alleviation of malnutrition, and integration into sustainable food production systems.

Abstract

Current global challenges include climate change, increasing population size, lack of food security, malnutrition, and degradation of arable lands. In this context, a reformation of our food production systems is imperative. Underutilized crops, or orphan crops, can provide valuable traits for this purpose, e.g., climate change resilience, nutritional benefits, cultivability on marginal lands, and improvement of income opportunities for smallholders. Plukenetia volubilis L. (Euphorbiaceae)—sacha inchi—is a ‘lost crop’ of the Incas native to the Amazon basin. Its oleaginous seeds are large, with a high content of ω-3, and -6 fatty acids (ca. 50.5, and 34.1%, of the lipid fraction, respectively), protein, and antioxidants. Culinarily, the seeds are nut-like and the crop has been associated with humans since Incan times. Research has particularly been undertaken in seed biochemistry, and to some extent in phylogeny, genetics, and cultivation ecology, but attention has been unevenly distributed, causing knowledge gaps in areas such as ethnobotany, allergenicity, and sustainable cultivation practices. Recently, seed size evolution and molecular drivers of the fatty acid synthesis and composition have been studied, however, further research into the lipid biosynthesis is desirable. Targeted breeding has not been undertaken but might be especially relevant for yield, sensory qualities, and cultivation with low environmental impact. Similarly, studies of integration into sustainable management systems are of highest importance. Here, present knowledge on P. volubilis is reviewed and a general framework for conducting research on underutilized crops with the aim of integration into sustainable food production systems is presented.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Data adapted from USDA (2019a, b, c), and Follegatti-Romero et al. (2009)

Fig. 4

adapted from Wang and Liu (2014), e reproduced from Wang and Liu (2014)

Fig. 5

adapted from Cardinal-McTeague et al. (2019). Seed outlines of P. decidua, P. ankaranensis, and P. corniculata are drawn from Gillespie (2007), P. conophora from Isawumi (1993), and P. polyadenia and P. brachybotrya from Rodríguez et al. (2010)

Fig. 6

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Acknowledgements

I am very grateful for the cooperation of Danter Cachique Huansi, Carmen Rosa Garcia Davila (Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Perúana, Perú), and Nelly Judith Paredes Andrade (Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Ecuador). Further, Marten Sørensen and Henrik Lütken (Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark) are thanked for fruitful discussions during manuscript preparation. The work of the author is supported by Svend G. Fiedler and Spouse’s stipend, Torben and Alice Frimodt’s scholarship and the Oticon foundation, for which I am also truly thankful.

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    Nete Kodahl

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Kodahl, N. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.)—from lost crop of the Incas to part of the solution to global challenges?. Planta 251, 80 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03377-3

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