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Roles of ethylene and jasmonic acid in systemic induced defense in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) against Helicoverpa zea

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Abstract

Inducible defenses that provide enhanced resistance to insect attack are nearly universal in plants. The defense-signaling cascade is mediated by the synthesis, movement, and perception of jasmonate (JA) and the interaction of this signaling molecule with other plant hormones and messengers. To explore how the interaction of JA and ethylene influences induced defenses, we employed the never-ripe (Nr) tomato mutant, which exhibits a partial block in ethylene perception, and the defenseless (def1) mutant, which is deficient in JA biosynthesis. The defense gene proteinase inhibitor (PIN2) was used as marker to compare plant responses. The Nr mutant showed a normal wounding response with PIN2 induction, but the def1 mutant did not. As expected, methyl JA (MeJA) treatment restored the normal wound response in the def1 mutant. Exogenous application of MeJA increased resistance to Helicoverpa zea, induced defense gene expression, and increased glandular trichome density on systemic leaves. Exogenous application of ethephon, which penetrates tissues and decomposes to ethylene, resulted in increased H. zea growth and interfered with the wounding response. Ethephon treatment also increased salicylic acid in systemic leaves. These results indicate that while JA plays the main role in systemic induced defense, ethylene acts antagonistically in this system to regulate systemic defense.

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Abbreviations

Nr :

Never ripe mutant

def1 :

Defenseless 1 mutant

RU:

Rutgers wild-type plants of Nr mutant

CM:

Castlemart, wild-type plants of def1 mutant

MeJA:

Methyl jasmonate

PIN2 :

Protease inhibitor 2

ERF1 :

Ethylene response factor

PR1 :

Pathogenesis related gene

PPOF :

Polyphenol oxidase

ET:

Ethylene

SA:

Salicylic acid

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Acknowledgments

Dawn S. Luthe reviewed an earlier draft of the manuscript and provided helpful criticism. The work was supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural and Food Research Initiative grant 2011-67013-30352.

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  1. Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Donglan Tian, Michelle Peiffer, Consuelo M. De Moraes & Gary W. Felton

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  1. Donglan Tian
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  2. Michelle Peiffer
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  3. Consuelo M. De Moraes
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Correspondence to Gary W. Felton.

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Tian, D., Peiffer, M., De Moraes, C.M. et al. Roles of ethylene and jasmonic acid in systemic induced defense in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) against Helicoverpa zea . Planta 239, 577–589 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-013-1997-7

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