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The amount and integrity of mtDNA in maize decline with development

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Abstract

In maize and other grasses there is a developmental gradient from the meristematic cells at the base of the stalk to the differentiated cells at the leaf tip. This gradient presents an opportunity to investigate changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that accompany growth under light and dark conditions, as done previously for plastid DNA. Maize mtDNA was analyzed by DAPI-DNA staining of individual mitochondria, gel electrophoresis/blot hybridization, and real-time qPCR. Both the amount and integrity of the mtDNA were found to decline with development. There was a 20-fold decline in mtDNA copy number per cell from the embryo to the light-grown leaf blade. The amount of DNA per mitochondrial particle was greater in dark-grown leaf blade (24 copies, on average) than in the light (2 copies), with some mitochondria lacking any detectable DNA. Three factors that influence the demise of mtDNA during development are considered: (1) the decision to either repair or degrade mtDNA molecules that are damaged by the reactive oxygen species produced as byproducts of respiration; (2) the generation of ATP by photophosphorylation in chloroplasts, reducing the need for respiratory-competent mitochondria; and (3) the shift in mitochondrial function from energy-generating respiration to photorespiration during the transition from non-green to green tissue.

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Abbreviations

DAPI:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

DIG:

Digoxigenin

EtBr:

Ethidium bromide

FI:

Fluorescence intensity

MeI:

Methylation-insensitive

MeS:

Methylation-sensitive

mtDNA:

Mitochondrial DNA

nucDNA:

Nuclear DNA

ptDNA:

Plastid DNA

ttDNA:

Total tissue DNA

NUMTs:

Nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin

NUPTs:

Nuclear sequences of plastid origin

PFGE:

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the United States Department of Agriculture, awards 2002-35318-12384 and 2008-39211-19557. The authors thank Yunqi Lu, Jeffery Dines, and Kathryn Bofferding for their assistance on this project.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 355325, Seattle, WA, 98195-5325, USA

    Delene J. Oldenburg, Rachana A. Kumar & Arnold J. Bendich

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  1. Delene J. Oldenburg
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  2. Rachana A. Kumar
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  3. Arnold J. Bendich
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Correspondence to Arnold J. Bendich.

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A contribution to the Special Issue on Evolution and Biogenesis of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria.

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Oldenburg, D.J., Kumar, R.A. & Bendich, A.J. The amount and integrity of mtDNA in maize decline with development. Planta 237, 603–617 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1802-z

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